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What is the Survival of Adélie Penguins due to Climate Change: A Study on Population Dynamics By: Jessica Caton
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Introduction to Population Ecology What is a population? – A group of individuals of a single species inhabiting a specific area (Molles 2010, p. 202) – Size range from centimeters to millions of square kilometers
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Population Dynamics An area of population ecology concerned with the factors influencing the expansion, decline, or maintenance of populations (Molles 2010, p. 222) Why study population dynamics? – Saving endangered species – Controlling invasive species – Maintaining important populations – Growth of human population
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Antarctic Species of Interest: Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) Physical appearance: – Medium-sized (2 feet tall), black and white – Angular head and tiny bill – White eyering – Longest feather on body is the tail Smallest penguin in Antarctica One of the pack ice Antarctic penguins Most numerous bird in Antarctica
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Adélie Penguins and Climate Change One of the best studied birds Changing population of species: numbers dropped a third Sea-ice decline, Adélie penguin populations decline Evolution of environmental instability?
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Life Tables A table that uses age specific information to estimate important population dynamic traits on a population
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Types of Life Tables Cohort Life Tables (horizontal) Static Life Tables (vertical) After reviewing both concepts click HEREHERE
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Cohort Life Table Time Cohort (horizontal) A table based on individuals born at the same time (Molles 2010, p. 230)
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Static Life Table A life table constructed by recording the age at death of a large number of individuals A snapshot of survival within a population during a short interval of time (Molles 2010, p. 231) Time Static (vertical)
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Data Collection for Life Table Age (x)NxNx BxBx 0160 2-480 5-752 8-1024
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Age (x)NxNx BxBx 010000 11860 258690 334465 422314 512201 6587 7235 800
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Age (x)NxNx BxBx lxlx mxmx lxmxlxmx xl x m x 0100001 11860 258690 334465 422314 512201 6587 7235 800 Total
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Age (x)NxNx BxBx lxlx mxmx lxmxlxmx xl x m x 0100001000 118600.186000 2586900.05811.90.691.38 3344650.03413.680.471.39 4223140.02214.270.311.26 5122010.01216.750.201.00 65870.00517.40.090.52 72350.00217.50.040.25 8000000 Total1.795.80 R0R0 3.24 T
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Variables X = Age N = Population size B = Birth rate l = Survivorship m = Average offspring T= generation time r = per capita rate of increase R0 = Net reproductive rate Calculations
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Interpreting Age structure = N X Generation time = T (am I in your generation) Per capita rate of increase = r (-, 0, +) Net reproductive rate = R 0 (0, 1)
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Survival and Mortality in a Population of Adélie Penguins (Ainley & DeMaster 1980)
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Survivorship Curve A graphical summary of patterns of survival in a population (Molles 2010, p. 231) Three types: – Type 1 = High mortality in Type 1 older individuals – Type 2 =Constant mortality rate Type 2 – Type 3 =High mortality in juveniles Type 3
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Type 1 Survivorship Curve Home
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Type 2 Survivorship Curve Home
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Type 3 Survivorship Curve Home
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