1. An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict
The Roaring 20’s
An era of prosperity,
Republican power,
and conflict

2. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"
in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time
for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living

3. Age of Prosperity Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line
Age of the Automobile
Ailing Agriculture…

4. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration
U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe
at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

5. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery
boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop
white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

6. Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem
within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished
But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted

7. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

8. Republican Power President Harding Elected 1920 Legacy of Scandals
“Teapot Dome”
Died in office

9. President Coolidge “The business of America is business.”
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
No help for farmers
Foreign Policy

10. Consumer Economy

11. Culture of the Roaring 20’s
Radio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
“Talkies”
The Jazz Singer
Starring Al Jolson
Mary Pickford
“America’s Sweetheart”

12. Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St. Louis
Jack Dempsey

13. The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers Writers Musicians make up
cigarettes
short skirts
Writers
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Musicians
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington

14. 1920's also brought about great changes for women...
th Amendment gave them the federal vote
after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt
characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman"
(bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

15. A Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
National Origins Act
Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
Italian immigrants
Unfair trial

16. for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic
N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
this fear was known as NATIVISM
many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe
fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)
basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

17. at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

18. The Ku Klux Klan In power Great increase Anti-black Anti-immigrant
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Anti-women’s suffrage
Anti-bootleggers

19. High School Biology teacher
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Evolution vs. Creationism
Science vs. Religion
Famous Lawyers
Dayton, Tennessee
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher

20. Prohibition Volstead Act untouchables Gangsters 18th Amendment
Al Capone

21. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol
adopted in th AMENDMENT
an outgrowth of the long-time temperance movement
in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith…
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment
forced organized crime to pursue other interests…