1. Combining Multiple References GSICS Web Meeting 2011-04-27

2. Slide: 2 10 October 2014 Advantages of multiple references Robustness – In case of failure of one reference – Allows transition between references – e.g. MetopA->B Greater coverage of diurnal cycle – Both scene and instrument calibration variability – Important for 3-axis stabilized spacecraft Political

3. Slide: 3 10 October 2014 Disadvantages of multiple references Segal's law: – "A man with a watch knows what time it is. A man with two watches is never sure." [Bloch, Arthur (2003). Murphy's Law. Perigee. p. 36.] – It refers to the potential pitfalls of having too much conflicting information when making a decision. – User confusion Metrological Traceability Problems – as the references can never be perfectly consistent – “There can be only be one” [Highlander, 1986]

4. Slide: 4 10 October 2014 Solution to using multiple references Define only one as the calibration reference All others are regarded as calibration transfer standards For example: Time series of homogenised HIRS data? – Covered later Use AIRS is used as a transfer standard to complement the inter- calibration against IASI as the calibration reference. – Allows collocations with GEO imagers over the diurnal cycle because of different orbits of Aqua and Metop satellites carrying these instruments MODIS + Desert BRDFs characterised by other instruments? Discuss!

5. Slide: 5 10 October 2014 GSICS Correction using Reference 1 GSICS Correction for Monitored Instrument Based on Reference 1 Function with uncertainty

6. Slide: 6 10 October 2014 GSICS Correction using Reference 2 GSICS Correction for Monitored Instrument Based on Reference 2 Different function with different uncertainty

7. Slide: 7 10 October 2014 Delta Correction Reference 2->1 GSICS Correction for Reference 2 Based on Reference 1 Function with uncertainty

8. Slide: 8 10 October 2014 Delta Correction Reference 2->1 Delta GSICS Correction for Reference 2 Based on Reference 1 Function with uncertainty

9. Slide: 9 10 October 2014 GSICS Correction using Reference 2->1 Add Delta Correction to Reference 2 Maps GSICS Correction based on Reference 2 to Reference 1 Consistent function, but larger uncertainty

10. Slide: 10 10 October 2014 Implementation GSICS Correction Correction using Reference 1 Correction using Reference 2 Delta Correction Reference 2-1

11. Slide: 11 10 October 2014 From Draft Minutes of GRWG06 No.TitleActionee(s)Due Date Action GRWG06_17 Find out time overlaps between geostationary satellites (commissioning and operational periods), find out about the availability of such data and publish this information on the GSICIS Wiki All GPRCsEnd of 2011 Handling Multiple References: T. Hewison reminded the group that the traceability concept needs a single reference – so in case where the GSICS product is done for more than one reference (AIRS and IASI being one example), one reference should be traceable to the other one. Current GSICS IR products, based on AIRS and IASI must account for the difference between IASI and AIRS. NOAA and CMA base their GSICS correction only on IASI. JMA shows the AIRS and IASI results separately and in a combined version. KMA also does a separate reference to AIRS and IASI. Any combination of product must account for the additional uncertainty that this combination produces…

12. Slide: 12 10 October 2014 From Draft Minutes of GRWG06 cont. No.TitleActionee(s)Due Date Action GRWG06_18 Document the difference between IASI on Metop-A and IASI on Metop-B EUMETSAT and CNES After first year of IASI operations on Metop-B Action GRWG06_19 Update GPPA to reflect the need of a delta correction due to a migrating reference B. IacovazziAfter first year of IASI operations on Metop-B Strategy for Migrating References: An example of the migrating reference will be the upcoming availability of IASI on Metop-B (launch date is 02 April 2012). To ensure traceability, the differences between the two IASIs, together with its uncertainty, must be recorded as a delta-correction to be applied to the GSICS correction. The following actions were agreed:

13. Slide: 13 10 October 2014 But what about Current Products? Need to develop Delta Correction – To remap GSICS Corrections based on AIRS->IASI – In GEOs’ radiance-space (for each GEO) Can double-differencing (GEO-IASI)-(GEO-AIRS) – But only if they are comparable – e.g. night-time? – Need a stable GEO as transfer reference – assumption? Can also do SNO comparison of AIRS-IASI – Convolved with GEO SRFs – After gap-filling

14. Slide: 14 10 October 2014 Actions of Web Meeting Action: Fred Wu (NOAA) to circulate article by Likun Wang comparing AIRS and IASI in GOES channel-space by double-differencing and SNO methods and consider application to other GEO imagers by 2011-06-30. Action: Tim Hewison (EUMETSAT) to ask CNES for details of plans to compare MetopA/IASI and MetopB/IASI and consider development of delta-correction function by 2011-06-30. All GPRCs will then consider how delta corrections could be applied to their products.