1. Do now! Can you write the title Radioactivity in your books?

2. Radioactivity

3. Todays lesson describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use symbols to describe particular nuclei understand the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope understand that ionising radiations can be detected using a photographic film or a Geiger- Muller detector recall the sources of background radiation

4. The atom orbiting electrons Nucleus (protons and neutrons)

5. Nuclide notation Li 3 7 Atomic number (proton number) = number of protons Atomic mass (mass number) = number of protons and neutrons orbiting electrons Nucleus (protons and neutrons)

6. Isotopes Li 3 7 It is possible for the nuclei of the same element to have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus (but it must have the same number of protons) Li 3 6 4 neutrons 3 neutrons

7. Relative atomic mass On average, lithium atoms have a mass of 6.941 (relative to Carbon 12) Li 3 6.941

8. Isotopes of Hydrogen H 1 1 The three isotopes of Hydrogen even have their own names! H 1 2 H 1 3 Hi! Im hydrogen They call me deuterium Hola! Mi nombre es tritium y yo soy de Madrid!

9. Questions! ElementChemical symbol Atomic number HydrogenH1 HeliumHe2 LithiumLi3 BerylliumBe4 BoronB5 CarbonC6 NitrogenN7 OxygenO8 RadiumRa88 ThoriumTh90 UraniumU92 PlutoniumPu94

10. Unstable nuclei Some nuclei are unstable, for example Uranium 235 Hi! Im uranium-235 and Im unstable. I really need to lose some particles from my nucleus to become more stable.

11. Unstable nuclei To become stable, an unstable nuclei emits a particle. We say the atom has decayed

12. Unstable nuclei The decay of an unstable nucleus is random. We know its going to happen, but we cant say when! It cannot be affected by temperature/pressure etc. Weeeeeeeeeeeeee!

13. Becquerels (Bq) The amount of radioactivity given out by a substance is measured in Becquerels. One becquerel is one particle emitted per second.

14. Detection Particles can be detected by photographic film Particles can also be detected (and counted) by a Geiger-Müller tube (GM tube) connected to a counter

15. Background radiation There are small amounts radioactive particles around us all the time. This is called background radioactivity. The amount varies depending on location.

16. Background radiation Background radiation comes from Cosmic rays from space Radioactive rocks in the ground Nuclear tests Nuclear bombs Nuclear accidents

17. Radiation Safety

18. Run away! In other words keep the distance between you and a radioactive source as big as possible!

19. Radiation Safety Dont waste time!

20. Radiation Safety Dont waste time! In other words limit the time you are exposed to radiation.

21. Radiation Safety If you cant run away, hide behind something!

22. Radiation Safety If you cant run away, hide behind something! Put a barrier between you and the radiation source that can absorb the radioactive particles

23. Radiation safety Keep the distance between you and a radioactive source as big as possible (use tongs etc.) Limit the time you are exposed to radiation. Put a barrier between you and the radiation source that can absorb the radioactive particles (normally lead)

24. Lets try some questions.