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Managing the Product.

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Presentation on theme: "Managing the Product."— Presentation transcript:

1 Managing the Product

2 Steps in Managing Products

3 Criteria for Effective Objectives
Measurable Clear Unambiguous Time-framed – Consistent with long-term profitability of organization

4 Product Strategies A product line is a firm’s total product offering designed to satisfy a single need for target customers (e.g., P&G’s line of dish detergents: Dawn, Ivory, Joy) A product mix is a firm’s entire range of products (e.g., Gillette offers shaving products, deodorants, writing instruments, toothbrushes…)

5 Quality as a Product Objective
Product quality is the overall ability of a product to satisfy customer expectations Dimensions of product quality durability reliability precision ease of use product safety aesthetic pleasure

6 Key Aspects of Quality Level Consistency
determined by comparison with other brands in same product category Consistency customers experience the same level of quality in product time after time

7 Product Life Cycle

8 Product life cycle for the stand- alone fax machine for business use: 1970-2001

9 Alternative product life cycles

10 Video game console and software life cycles by product class and product form

11 Marketing Mix During Product Life Cycle
The PLC explains how features change over the life of a product Marketing strategies must change and evolve as a product moves through the PLC

12 How stages of the product life cycle relate to a firm’s marketing objectives and marketing mix actions

13 Introduction Full-scale launch of new product into marketplace
Sales are low Little competition Limited distribution High marketing and product costs Promotion focused on product awareness and to stimulate primary demand – “pull strategy” Intensive personal selling to retailers and wholesalers – “push strategy”

14 Growth Sales grow at an increasing rate Many competitors enter market
Large companies may acquire small pioneering firms Promotion emphasizes brand advertising and comparative ads – “pull strategy” Wider distribution – “push strategy” Toward end of growth stage, prices fall Sales volume creates economies of scale

15 Maturity Sales continue to increase but at a decreasing rate
Marketplace is approaching saturation Typified by annual models of products with an emphasis on style rather than function Product lines are widened or extended Marginal competitors drop out Heavy promotions - sales promotions “push” Prices and profits fall Production moves to lower cost locations

16 Decline Signaled by a long-run drop in sales
Rate of decline is governed by how rapidly consumer tastes change or how rapidly substitute products are adopted. Falling demand forces many out of market Few specialty firms left

17 Five categories and profiles of product adopters

18 Branding Decisions A brand is a name, term, symbol, or any other unique element of a product that identifies one firm’s product(s) and sets it apart from competition Brands should be memorable have a positive connotation convey a certain image

19 Good Brand Names Easy to say Easy to spell Easy to read
Easy to remember KISS Fit the target market Fit the product’s benefits Fit the customer’s culture Fit legal requirements

20 Trademarks Legal term for a brand name, brand mark or trade character
® is used when registered with the USPTO; ™ is used when a name or mark has not been legally registered but the user is claiming ownership Trademarks established by the Lanham Act of 1946 and updated by the Trademark Revision Act of 1989 Only protects in U.S. - if a firm wants multinational recognition, it must register in each country

21 Brand Equity Brand’s value to its organization
Brand equity provides customer loyalty, perceived quality, brand name awareness, competitive advantage Brand equity can be used to establish brand extensions Alka Seltzer, Alka Seltzer Morning Relief

22 Branding Strategies Individual brands versus family brands
National and store brands (private label) Generic brands Licensing Co-branding

23 Packaging and Labeling Decisions
Packaging functions Effective packaging designs Labeling regulations

24 Managing the Product Role of a Product Manager Modifying the product
Modifying the market Finding New Users – exporting is one way Increasing Use Creating New Use Situation

25 Four market-product strategies:

26 Managing the PLC Repositioning the Product
Reacting to a Competitor’s Position – “me too” Reaching a New Market Catching a Rising Trend Changing the Value Offered Trading up Trading Down Downsizing


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