1. The Golden Ratio: From Physics to the Human Brain, Behavior, Esthetics and Ethics Ramzi Suleiman University of Haifa Visiting Professor at the VU Home Page: http://suleiman.haifa.ac.ilhttp://suleiman.haifa.ac.il Paper presented at the Department of Social and Organizational Psychology Free University of Amsterdam, May 23 2013

3. An Alternative Title:

4. But First We need to get acquainted with the Golden Ratio, known also as the Golden Section, and the Divine Ratio.

5. Perhaps this is why it is seldom taught in the formal education system. Students of Art know about it considerably more than students of the Sciences

7. a b

8. The Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci Numbers Definition

10. The golden ratio has fascinated intellectuals of diverse interests for at least 2,400 years. “It is probably fair to say that the Golden Ratio has inspired thinkers of all disciplines like no other number in the history of mathematics” Source: Livio M., (2002)The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, The World's Most Astonishing Number

11. The Golden Ratio is a significant number, not only due to its unique mathematical properties, but also due to its significant role in science and technology, starting from physics, to life science, to humans' perception, cognition and emotion, to social sciences, particularly the study of humans' socio-economic behavior, values and religious convictions

12. A shall say a very little about its appearance in Life Forms, Geometry, Art, Architecture and Design Economics Physics Human Brain Ethics Music

13. determining the structure of plants and animals Golden Ratio in Life Forms

14. The Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci Series (which converges to the Golden Ratio), play a key role in life form by determining the structure of plants and animals (Hammel, 1987; Klar, Nature, 2002), including the the human body (Livio, 2002), human DNA, and more …. Golden Ratio in Life Forms

20. Golden Ratio in Geometry

23. Golden Ratio in Art

28. Golden Ratio in Architectur e

35. The CN Tower in Toronto, the tallest tower and freestanding structure in the world, contains the Golden Ratio in its design. The ratio of observation deck at 342 meters to the total height of 553.33 is 0.618 or phi, the reciprocal of Phi! The Great Pyramid of Giza

36. Golden Ratio in Design

37. Rectangular shapes with width to length ratio of ≈ 0.618 are widely used in the design of TVs, computer screens, and credit cards, due to feelings of pleasantness and harmony that the Golden Ratio is believed to induce (Livio, 2002; Olsen, 2006; Pittard, Ewing & Jevons, 2007). Golden Ratio in Design

40. Golden Ratio in Physics

41. Golden Ratio In Experimental Physics Chains of cobalt niobate become critically quantum at energies equaling the Golden Ratio Source: You Tube Source: Coldea et al., Science, 2010

42. V – relative velocity The Golden Ratio in Theoretical Physics Suleiman, R. The Dark Side Revealed: A Complete Relativity Theory Predicts the Content of the Universe. Forthcoming in Progress in Physics, Vol. 3 July, 2013 m0m0 v

43. Picture recently taken at the Israeli Academy of Sciences in Jerusalem. A Complete Theory of Relativity (CR) Suleiman, R., 2013

44. 1. Every Thing is Relative. 2. all transfer of information from one frame of reference to another is carried by light or electromagnetic waves of equal velocity. CR theory is based on two postulates:

45. The postulated complete relativism constitutes a profound departure from the theories of Galileo-Newton and Einstein-Lorentz, since it "cuts the universe loose with no anchor", neither a fixed, nonrelativistic, spatial reference, as in Galileo-Newton's mechanics, nor a fixed reference point on the velocities dimension (the velocity of light), as in Einstein's mechanics.

46. Philosophical implications CR

47. REALITY IS IN THE EYES OF THE BEHOLDER AND HIS /HER TELESCOPE LENSE Unlike Quantum Mechanics, my theory does not contradict Einstein’s view of “Local Realism”. However, I argue that what counts is not the local realism of things, but the relativistic information about them, as it is recorded by our measurement devices and processed by our senses and cognitive system. In the words of Einstein: what is behind the veil is the “OLD Guy’s” business. It is YAHWAH’s not ours

48. The Golden Ratio in Theoretical Physics A Complete Relativity Theory (Suleiman, R. Progress in physics, vol. 3, 2013)

51. Golden Ratio In Theoretical Physics Suleiman, R. (2013). The Dark Side Revealed: A Complete Relativity Theory Predicts the Content of the Universe. To appear in Progress in Physics, vol. 3.

52. The obtained energy term enables to derive plausible definitions of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and to predict their amount in the Universe with high precision

54. Content of the Universe Source: NASA site

55. Prediction of the Content of the Universe

56. Golden Ratio in the Human Brain

57. Delta 1 (1.5 Hz) ; Delta 2 (2–3 Hz); Theta (6–8 Hz); Alpha (10 Hz); Beta1 (13–17 Hz); Beta2 (22–27 Hz); Gamma1 (30–50 Hz); Gamma2 (50–80 Hz) The Number of Human Brain Waves is 8 – A Fibonacci Number Source: Roopun A. K. et al. (2008). Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2(2), 145–154. 2008

58. It has been argued that the Fibonacci structure of our brain results in an optimal processing of perceptual information, and minimizes negative interference

59. The Golden ratio in Music

60. Processing Auditory Information Human Taste for music 528 Hz

61. Famous musicians tuned their scale to match the C5 = 528 Hz.

62. Examples of famous recordings in 528Hz

63. Meg White and Jack White at the 2007 Primavera Sound in Barcelona "Seven Nation Army“ White Stripes

64. "Black or White“ Michael Jackson

65. "Imagine“ John Lennon

66. 528love.com

67. 528 is a simple number that is central to the “musical mathematical matrix of creation.” This LOVE vibration harmonically resonates in your heart inaudibly connecting your spiritual essence to the spiraling reality of heaven and earth. Even the parallel universes connect to the center of your heart by this LOVE channel broadcasting matter and energy according to the laws of physics. In fact, 528 is fundamental to these laws. This frequency, more than any other, epitomizes the unified field of musical metaphysics in the matrix of the spiraling fractal universe…….

68. 654024.5151072.51.5 BRAIN WAVES Hz 53.7533.0820.4812.647.824.832.991.851430 Hz 52.12532.0819.8612.277.5824.6862.8951.7821.103417 Hz 41.225.3515.79.695.993.72.291.420.87 CHAKRA 9 FORK Hz 6640.625.115.59.65.933.672.661.4 528 Hz A hypothesis

69. 528 Hz CHAKRA 9 FORK

70. Superposition of Waves

71. The Golden ratio in Economics

72. Economic Harmony Theory ( EHT) Propositions: 1.Individuals are solely self-regarding players. 2. When making their decisions, individuals consider their payoffs relative to subjective reference points (SRPs), rather than their absolute payoffs. 3. A SRP can be social, when a player compares her payoff to the payoff(s) of another member or members in her group (e.g., a co-worker's salary), or non-social, when she compares her payoff with a neutral (non-social) reference point (e.g., her expected expenditure). 3. Individuals are aware of the norms of equality and equity, as they are practiced in their social group. 4. There exists a formal or informal sanctioning mechanism, by which sanctions are applied on deviants from the group's norms and rules.

73. EHT predicts behavior in a class of two, three and five person games, including two- and three-person Ultimatum Games and CPR Games.

74. The Standard Ultimatum Game The proposer makes an offer (x, 1-x), for herself and a designated recipient, respectively. The recipient responds by either accepting the offer, in which case both players receive their offered shares, or by rejecting the offer, in which case the two players receive nothing.

75. Game theory (SPE) predicts that the proposer should offer almost nothing. However: It is well documented that the modal and mean offers in the game are about 50% and 40%, respectively, and that offers of 20% or less are rejected with high probability

76. The question remains: Why do proposers offer on average of about 40% of the entire amount, and not, say, 45% or 55% or maybe 35%? Despite hundreds of studies on the ultimatum game, which replicate the 60/40-split result, the explanation of this finding remains elusive.

77. Proposer Responder Social (S)Non-Social (N) Social (S)(S, S) (S, N) Non-Social (N) (N, S) (N, N) Permissible SRP’s of Proposer and Responder I demonstrate ETH solution of the UG

78. It makes sense to argue that from the point of view of the proposer, the amount that she could have received, had she retained the entire amount for herself, is most likely to be the preferred focal point to adhere to. Conversely, from the standpoint of the recipient comparison with the proposer’s portion is more probable than other comparisons.

79. Proposer Responder Social (S) Non-Social (N) Social (S)(S, S) (S, N) Non-Social (N) (N, S) (N, N) Permissible SRP’s of Proposer and Responder

82. Empirical Tests I tested the solution using two large-scale datasets: (1)Data from a Meta-analysis which integrated 37 studies conducted in 25 different countries, representing different cultures and social-political systems (Oosterbeek, Sloof & Van de Kuilen, 2004) (2)Data collected in a comprehensive study in 15 small communities, exhibiting a wide variety of economic and cultural conditions (Henrich et al., 2006).

83. A bargaining experiment in the village of Teci, on Yasawa Island, Fiji (Photo by Robert Boyd). Source: Henrich et al. Science, 312, 2006

84. nsignificant. Distributions of offers, rejection rates and final payoffs in two large-scale studies theory prediction 38.2% Prediction error ≈ 5.7% theory prediction 38.2% Prediction error ≈ 3.3%

85. the concept of harmony between relative payoffs, could prove useful outside the laboratory for understanding, and possibly making policy recommendation for increasing organizations’ profit without sacrificing fairness in salary pay, or visa versa. On the Applied Side

86. A straightforward application is to apply the concept of economic harmony for assessing the levels of harmony or disharmony in the distribution of salaries in a given organization. By modeling organizational structures as n-person games, it becomes possible to apply the theory in order to specify the conditions required for achieving harmony in the distribution of wages in the workplace, and consequently enhancing both profitability of the workplace and fairness in profit allocation. An Example

87. The Golden ratio in Ethics Love Thy Neighbor As You Love Thyself Leviticus, 19:18

88. In Islam Prophet Mohammad, in his Hadith is quoted to say : “No one could be considered a believer until he desires for his brother what he desires for himself”.

89. The New Testament mentions the principle in various chapters In In Matthew 22:35-40, New King James Version, we are told: "Then one of them, a lawyer, asked Him a question, testing him, and saying, 'Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?‘ Jesus said to him: 'You shall love the Lord your God with all Your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”

90. love your neighbor as yourself In behavioral terms: Treat others as you treat yourself Which in symmetric situations means Equality While in asymmetric situations it means: Equity Thus the balance point derived in EHT based on rational considerations applies

91. Denote the amount kept by x and the amount transferred by 1-x The above equation becomes:

92. From my ethics paper with picture

93. Summary My talk is centered around a simple quadratic equation Physics Economics Life Sciences ϕ Ethics Aesthetics & the Arts Music

94. Is it the hand of God? I think not At least this is what he said when I forwarded the question to his Holiness

95. Towards An Integrative Theory of Everything

96. Thanks ! ϕ