1. THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES

2. Receptor www.parkdee.wordpress.com
Our body have different types of receptors. These are:
pain receptor
touch receptor
heat receptor
cold receptor
pressure receptor

4. Human skin

5. Try to answer A B C D 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4

6. The degree of sensitivity of the skin depends on the:
1.Thickness of the epidermis
The thinner the epidermis, the more sensitive the skin is to the stimulus
2. Number of receptors present PMR 05
The more receptors found on the skin the more sensitive is that part of the skin.

7. Other functions of the human skin.
Water proof
prevent water loss from skin.
Prevents entry of microorganisms that cause illnesses.
Remove waste products
excess water, urea and mineral salts.
Produces Vitamin D in the presence of the sunlight.
Stabilise body temperature

8. Fill in the blank with the suitable terms given in the box.
Receptors thickness thinner sense of touch touch more number
 The skin is an organ of __________________
There are five types of __ ___ in the skin sensitive to various stimuli.
The sensitivity of the skin depends on the ___________ of the epidermis and the ____________ receptors on the skin.
The ____________ the epidermis, the more sensitive it is to stimulus.
The ________ receptors there are on the skin, the more sensitive it is to stimulus.
Blind people use their ____ to help them read Braille

9. Human Tongue

10. Try these 6 1 3 4 2 5

11. PMR 2012

12. Human nose

13. Try to answer …. G A B H C I D J E K L F

14. Sense of smell
When we have a cold or flu, a lot of mucus is produce. The smell receptors are surrounded by this thick layer of mucus and vary little of chemical vapor gets to the smell receptors. Therefore, the smell receptors do not get stimulated enough to effectively function as a sensory organ of smell.

15. The sensitivity of the nose towards stimuli is influenced by the following factors: PMR 05
The strength of the smell. A stronger smell will be detected by the nose easily compared with a weaker smell.
The presence of mucus in the nose. A lot of mucus will reduce the sensitivity of the nose.

16. Human ear A human ear has three main part.
the outer ear, filled with air.
The middle ear, filled with air.
The inner ear, filled with liquid

17. Human ear

22. Try to answer

23. Test

24. FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN EAR
OUTER EAR
Pinna
collects and directs sound waves into the ear canal.
ear canal / auditory canal
transmits sound waves to the eardrum.
Eardrum
vibrates and transmits sound waves to the ossicles.
MIDDLE EAR
Ossicles
intensify the vibrations of the sound waves by 22 times before transmitting to the oval window.
Eustachian tube
balances the air pressure at both side of the eardrum.
oval window
transmits sound vibrations from the middle ear to the inner ear.
INNER EAR
Cochlea
transforms sound vibrations into impulses.
semicircular canals
balance the body position.
auditory nerves
send messages to the brain which interprets the messages as sound.

25. Stereophonic hearing Stereophonic hearing is hearing using both ears.
The advantages of stereophonic hearing:
enables the direction of the source of hearing to be detected more accurately.
This is because the ear nearer the source of sound receives sound louder and earlier than the other ear.
Animals that have stereophonic sound can detect the presence of preys and predators more quickly.

26. Properties of sound sound can transferred through; solids liquids
gases
cannot be transferred through in vacuum.
(particles in solids and liquids are closer each other compared to the molecules in gases. Vacuum is space that does not have any particles.)

27. ANIMAL Frekuansi snake 100-800Hz frog 50-10 000Hz dog 10-50 000Hz cat
The range of frequencies of hearing in man is 20 Hz until Hz. The following table shows the range of frequencies of hearing of several animals:
Different people have different limitations of hearing.
ANIMAL
Frekuansi
snake Hz
frog Hz
dog Hz
cat Hz
bat Hz
grasshopper Hz
whale
10-50Hz
Human
20hz – hz

28. Experiment
PKBS F2

29. Reflection and absorption of sound
Sound can be reflected or absorbed by the surface of an object.
The sound reflected repeatedly from one surface is known as echo.
Surfaces that are smooth, even and hard are good sound reflectors and produce loud echo. For examples, concrete, plank, metal and mirror
Surfaces that are rough, hollow and soft are good sound absorbers and produce weak echo. For examples cloth, sponge, cork, rubber, carpet and cushion.

30. To overcome the limitations of hearing, we use
the stethoscope
enables doctor to detect the soft heartbeats of patients.
ii. hearing aids
collects sound signals before being sent to the middle ear.
iii. amplifier
boosts weak sound signals.

31. Human eye
choroid

32. Human eye

33. Human eye

34. Human eye

39. FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN EYE
Structure / characteristic
Function
Sclera
Maintains the shape of the eyeball
Protects the eyeball
cornea
rybb
Choroids
Conjunctiva
iris
pupil
Lens PMR 04
Transparent and elastic convex lens
Refracts and focuses light onto the retina.
ciliary muscle
supportive ligament
vitreous humour
aqueous humour
Retina PMR 2011
optic nerve

40. Human eye
Yellow spot

41. Daily activities
bright room
dark room
iris
pupil

42. Daily activities

44. Stereoscopic vision Disadvantages - using both eyes. predator
See three-dimensional pictures of objects.
Enables more accurate estimation of distance and position.
Disadvantages
A narrow vision field.

45. Monocular vision. using only one eye. prey Advantages
having a wide vision field.
Disadvantages
cannot estimate distance accurately.

47. Experiment Textbook pages 20

48. Mechanism of Sight PMR 03, 07 ii. focusing distant object.
The eye lens focuses the image onto the retina by changing the thickness of the eye lens. The thickness of the lens is changed by the cilliarry muscles.
i.Focusing near objects
To focus near objects onto the retina, the cilliarry muscles contract. The eye lens become thicker.
ii. focusing distant object.
To focus distant objects onto the retina, the cilliarry muscles relax. The eye lens becomes thinner.

51. Reflection of light Contoh, BOMBA, POLIS Rough surface
Flat, shiny, smooth

52. BOMBA

53. Device used concept reflection
Kalaideskop – tak guna concept reflection

54. Reflection of light

55. Refraction of light

56. Refraction of light

57. Refraction of light

58. Smooth, shiny, flat A D B C E F H G I J

59. Less dense
denser

60. Short sightedness Causes: Eye ball is too big Eye lens is to thick.
Correction:
Wearing concave lens

61. Long sightedness Causes: Eye ball is too small Eye lens is to thin.
Correction:
Wearing convex lens

63. Comparison between SS and LS

67. Astigmatism Light is refracted to multiple areas of the retina.
This defect can be overcome by wearing glasses with cylindrical lenses or contact lens or by surgery.

68. Astigmatism

70. Experiment short sightedness & long sightedness
Instructions
First, I want you to form groups of four. In your group, discuss why some people wear glasses
Next, I want you to look at the first picture on the screen
Click and drag the picture from left to right. Observe what happens to the image
Then, repeat the activity on the second and third pictures

71. Questions
Why do some people wear glasses?
What is the cause of short sightedness?
Where does the image fall when a short sighted person look at a far object?
What kind of lens is used to correct short sightedness?

72. Formative Assessment Types of Defects Able to see close/near objects
(clear/blur)
Able to see distant object (clear/blur)
Types of lens used to correct defects
1) Short sightedness
2) Long sightedness
3) Astigmatism

73. Complete the diagram Short sightedness Long sightedness
The image falls _______ of the retina
The image falls ______of the retina

74. Short sightedness & long sightedness

76. Optical illusion

78. Optical illusion

80. Blind spot
The blind spot is a spot on the retina of the eye that cannot detect light stimulus.
The image of the object formed at the blind spot cannot be seen by the eye because there are no light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) at the blind spot.

82. Tropism Plant response to external stimulus
Plants grow towards stimulus called positive tropism
Plants grow away from stimulus called negative tropism

84. Anhydrous
Calcium
chloride

85. Phototropism
Response to light.

86. Hydrotropism
Response to water

87. Geotropism
Response to gravity

88. Thigmotropism
Response to touch
move towards – to obtain support

89. Nastic movement
Response to touch
Move - run away

92. Penutup
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr
2. Tasbih Kifarah.

93. The end