1. Detector R&D and Cancer Care Barbara Camanzi

2. NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/102/18 Outline  Why cancer  Detector R&D projects for cancer care: imaging and dosimetry  The Futures Programme and the STFC Cancer Care Strategy  Summary

3. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/103/18 The challenge of cancer in UK  Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in people under the age of 75. 1 in 4 people die of cancer overall  293k people/year diagnosed with cancer, 155k people/year die from cancer  Incidence of cancer is rising due to: 1. Population ageing 2. Rise in obesity levels 3. Change in lifestyle  Cancer 3 rd largest NHS disease programme

4. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/104/18 Detector R&D projects for cancer care

5. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/105/18 The technological challenges  The challenge of radiotherapy from the patient end Make sure that the right dose is delivered at the right place = improved dosimetry + improved imaging  The challenge of early diagnosis “See” smaller tumours = improved imaging  New advanced technologies desperately needed for dosimetry and imaging

6. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/106/18 The imaging challenge  The requirements for new imaging systems: 1. More accurate, more quantitative and highly repeatable imaging 2. Imaging during treatment: organ movement (breathing), patient set-up, tumour shrinkage 3. Image smaller lesions (early diagnosis) 4. Treatment specific requirements (for ex. Bragg position in proton/light ion therapy)  The answer: higher spatial resolution, higher linearity, lower noise, less drift, faster imaging

7. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/107/18 Positron Emission Tomography  18 F labelled glucose given to patients: e + annihilates in two back-to-back 511 keV  seen by a ring of detectors  Conventional PET: straight line-of- response, annihilation point calculated probabilistically 511 keV 

8. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/108/18 Time-Of-Flight PET (TOF-PET)  TOF-PET scanner: 1. Time difference between signals from two crystals measured 2. Annihilation point along line-of-response directly calculated  Goal: 100 ps timing resolution (ideally 30 ps and below) = 3 cm spatial resolution (ideally sub-cm)  Advantages: higher sensitivity and specificity, improved S/N  Technology needed: fast scintillating materials and fast photon detectors

9. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/109/18 The TOF-PET project  Development of a TOF-PET imaging system: 1.Fast scintillating materials (LYSO and LaBr 3 ) 2.SiPMs  Seed funding from NEAT (NIHR) and CLIK for feasibility study. Ended: 03/10  Currently: 1.FP7 funding (ENVISION project) through Oxford: one post-doc, Dr Mahfuza Ahmed 2.2 PhD students: Paola Avella (Surrey) and Ed Leming (Sussex) 3.No money for equipment, computer licences, etc.

10. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1010/18 The dosimetry challenge  The requirements for new dosimeters: 1. Measure dose at tumour site and not at skin 2. Measure total dose (including during imaging procedures) 3. Measure in real-time and not long time after treatment 4. System easy to use  The answer: in-vivo dosimetry

11. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1011/18 The in-vivo dosimetry project  Development of an in-vivo dosimetry system: 1.RadFET dose sensors 2.RFID wireless communication system 3.Powering system 4.Associated electronics (ASIC)  CFI funding for ASIC design. End: 04/11  Scientific coordinator of large consortium (~15 partners). Looking at FP7 funding

12. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1012/18 The Futures Programme and the STFC Cancer Care Strategy

13. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1013/18 The Futures Programme  Created in January 2009  Goal: to increase STFC impact in meeting the four global challenges (CSR 2007): 1.Energy 2.Environment 3.Healthcare 4.Security  Creates opportunities = Identify unmet needs + Match them to in-house skills and expertise and technologies

14. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1014/18 What Futures does and doesn’t do  Futures does: 1. Provide strategic advice to STFC 2. Initiate projects and programmes 3. Increase STFC contribution to RCUK cross- council programmes 4. Build strategic partnerships  Futures doesn’t: 1. Bring only external income 2. Provide short-term solutions 3. Try to be perfectly symmetrical across the four global challenges

15. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1015/18 The Futures Team  Catherine Ewart, Head of the Team  Nicholas Harrison, Energy  Kevin Smith, Environment  Gareth Derbyshire, Healthcare Barbara Camanzi, Cancer Care  Bryan Edwards, Security  Geoff McBride, Horizon Scanning

16. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1016/18 The opportunity “By 2012 our cancer services can and should become not only among the best in Europe but among the best in the world.” “Everyone with a commitment to delivering world class cancer services should have a role in helping deliver this strategy.” From “Cancer Reform Strategy“, Department of Health http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/dh_081006 STFC has in-house skills, expertise and technologies to be one of these everyone!

17. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1017/18 The STFC Cancer Care Strategy  Who will input to the STFC strategy: 1. Clinical world: oncologists, medical physicists.. 2. STFC staff 3. University groups 4. Industry  Alliances with strategic partners: MRC, CRUK, etc.

18. Barbara Camanzi NDI Kick-Off Meeting, 10/12/1018/18 Summary  One detector R&D imaging project underway: TOF-PET. Enough people working on it; but lack of money for equipment.  One detector R&D dosimetry project at the proposal stage.  Joined the Futures Team as of 01/09/10: to lead the development of STFC Cancer Care Strategy.  The Futures Programme is wider than cancer care.