1. Phases, Eclipses and Tides

2. Rotation and Revolution
It takes the same amount of time for the moon to rotate on its axis as it does to revolve around the Earth (27.3 days)
This is why the Earth only sees one side of the moon – in order to see the other side you need to get on a space ship and go around the moon

3. Moon Phases Lit by sun Half of moon always lit
Phases due to different amounts of the lit portion of the moon visible on Earth

4. Moon Phases
The moon rises and sets just like the sun – the position of the moon and time of the moon rise/set changes throughout the month
New moon rises with the sun
Full moon rises as sun sets

5. Eclipses
Solar eclipse – (new) moon blocks sunlight – Earth is in moon’s shadow
Order: sun, moon, earth
Lunar eclipse – Earth blocks sunlight from hitting (full) moon – moon is in Earth’s shadow
Order: sun, earth, moon

6. Shadows
Umbra: darkest part of shadow: this shadow causes total eclipses
Penumbra: Outer, less dark shadow
Lunar Eclipse
Anyone here would see a total eclipse
Moon
There are also partial eclipses:
Partial Lunar when part of moon is in umbra (there are also penumbral eclipses)
Partial Solar: seen by anyone in the penumbra
Solar Eclipse

7. Eclipses
Generally 2 solar and 2 lunar eclipses a year – not always total.
Area on Earth to see total solar eclipse is very, very small - why seeing one is so rare (rest of Earth able to see anything sees a partial eclipse)

8. Solar Eclipse
Last total eclipse = Nov. 13, 2012 in Southern Hemisphere starting in Northern Australia
Next total eclipse = Mar. 20, in Northern Hemisphere visible in Iceland, Europe, North Africa, and North Asia

9. List of Eclipses

10. Pictures of Annular Eclipses
Occurs when the moon is at a point where it is not big enough to block all of the sunlight: a ring of sunlight is visible

11. Last annular – April 25, The path of the Moon's antumbral shadow began in western Australia , eastern Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and crossed the South Pacific Ocean
FYI – no true umbra since moon doesn’t completely block the sun. Antumbra extends just beyond the umbra and is similar to penumbra

12. Next annular – April 29, 2014. The path of the Moon's antumbral shadow will cross Antarctica

13. Total Solar Eclipse – you see the Sun’s Corona

14. Pinhole effect
This is the "pinhole effect" that happens under a tree during a solar eclipse. See all of the little crescent suns?

15. Moon’s Shadow on Earth

16. Lunar Eclipse
Last total lunar eclipse was on December 10, Entire event was visible in Asia & Australia. North America could see as moon set in western sky. .

17. Lunar Eclipse
Eclipsed moon looks red because some sunlight bends as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere before hitting the moon

18. The entire event is visible from both North and South America
The entire event is visible from both North and South America. Observers in the western Pacific miss the first half of the eclipse because it occurs before moonrise. Likewise most of Europe and Africa experience moonset just as the eclipse begins. None of the eclipse is visible from north/east Europe, eastern Africa, the Middle East or Central Asia.

19. And now some photos!

27. Go to the website to learn about past and future eclipses

28. Tides
Tides occur because the moon’s gravity does not pull with the same force on all parts of the Earth

29. High Tides
Location A: Moon’s gravitational force on the water is greater than its force on the Earth as a whole
Water here is pulled more towards the moon than the Earth = high tide D C A B

30. High Tides
Location C: The moon’s gravitational force on the Earth as a whole is stronger than its force on the water
The Earth is pulled more towards the moon and the water is “left behind” = high tide D C A B

31. Low Tides
Locations B and D: Water flows away from these locations towards points A and C = low tide D C A B

32. Tides
High Tide
Low Tide
Every location on Earth has 2 high tides and 2 low tides every 25 hours

33. Spring and Neap The Sun’s gravity also pulls on Earth’s waters
Sometimes the sun’s and moon’s gravity work together (spring tide) and sometimes they pull on the water in different (perpendicular) directions (neap tide)
Spring and Neap tides happen twice a month

34. Spring Tide during full and new moons
highest high tides and lowest low tides

35. Neap Tide Neap tide: during first and last quarter moons
lowest high tides and highest low tides