1. Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Foundations of American Education , 5th Edition

2. PowerPoint Presentation
Chapter 13 Governance and Financing of Elementary and Secondary Schools
PowerPoint Presentation
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3. The Context of the Public Schools
One person in five either attends or is employed in public elementary or secondary schools.
The United States is unique in decentralization and local participation in schools.
Textbooks create commonality in academic content.
National curriculum standards provide similar instruction goals among states.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Organization for Education
Education at the Local Level
Functions of local school districts
adopt policies and regulations
adopt state-approved curriculum
link schools and community patrons
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Organization for Education (continued)
Education at the Local Level (continued)
Functions of local school districts (continued)
provide human and material resources
provide and maintain facilities for instruction
provide required information to the state’s department of education and other agencies
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Organization for Education (continued)
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Organization for Education (continued)
Education at the Local Level (continued)
school boards
superintendent of schools
building principal
pattern of school districts and enrollments in the states
school district budgeting
site-based management
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8. Organization for Education (continued)
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Organization for Education (continued)
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Organization for Education (continued)
Education at the Local Level (continued)
Reasons for growth of charter schools
choice
public school staff seeking exemption from local and state regulations
community interest in special schools
school patrons seeking relief from regulations
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Organization for Education (continued)
Education at the State Level
State department of education functions
implement policies
monitor schools for implementation of mandates
disburse state funds
provide citizens and state legislature information
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Organization for Education (continued)
Education at the State Level (continued)
State department of education functions (continued)
provide technical assistance
collect and report school data
be an advocate for public education
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Organization for Education (continued)
Education at the State Level (continued)
State Boards of Education
focus overall direction of state’s schools
Chief State School Officer
superintendent of public instruction or commissioner
State Secretaries of Education
cabinet position responsible to governor
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

14. Organization for Education (continued)
The Federal Government and Education
Federal role and involvement
funding for special populations
educational statistics and research
research and demonstration projects
student performance and assessment
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

15. Organization for Education (continued)
The Federal Government and Education (continued)
U.S. Department of Education
created in 1980; headed by secretary of education
U.S. Secretary of Education
member of President’s cabinet
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16. Financing Education Public Policy Goals in State School Finance Equity
equal treatment of persons in equal circumstances
Adequacy
extent to which educational funding is sufficient
Choice
local control of funding decisions
power of parents to select school
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

17. Financing Education (continued)
State School-Finance Programs
equalized foundation grants
equalized effort-oriented programs
full state funding
categorical grants
state spending differences
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

18. Financing Education (continued)
Sources of Revenue for Schools
Differences among states in source of tax revenues (see text Table 13.4, p. 348)
Sources for nontax revenues
school activity fees
nonprofit educational foundations
profit-making activities
enterprise activities
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

19. Financing Education (continued)
The courts and school finance
Federal aid for elementary and secondary schools
education of special needs youth
educational research and assessment
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

20. Private Education college-preparatory schools
religious-instruction schools
military-training schools
proprietary schools
private school enrollments
(6.3 million)
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

21. Current Issues in Organizing and Financing Education
The New Federal Role
No Child Left Behind
directed at every student and every teacher
the purpose is to raise student achievement
Expanded State and Local Responsibilities
develops and expands student-assessment systems
provides technical assistance to schools
places sanctions on schools that continue to fail
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

22. Current Issues in Organizing and Financing Education (continued)
Accountability
State
graduation requirements
entrance exams for teachers
school and school district report cards
content standards for disciplines
standardized tests
“no pass, no play” requirements
Federal
must see a detailed state plan
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

23. Current Issues in Organizing and Financing Education (continued)
Funding an Adequate Education
federal funding provides about half the % increase in educational expenditures estimated to be necessary for No Child Left Behind
Enrollment Increases
projected 50 million enrollments by 2014
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.