1. University of Maryland Department of Environmental Safety
Lead Awareness
University of Maryland
Department of Environmental Safety
TERMINAL OBJECTIVES (The purpose of this training):
To inform state employees about the potentially hazardous nature of asbestos containing materials, their locations in the various campus buildings, what the state program is doing about asbestos, and the procedures to be followed in the event that an asbestos hazard is suspected.
To train employees who work in areas or positions where the potential for asbestos exposure is increased, but whose activities do not require disturbing such materials, in hazard recognition and the proper procedures and reporting mechanisms to be followed in the event that a hazard is suspected, or when they encounter asbestos during their work.
To meet training requirements of Maryland Executive Order of November 1987 (superseding that of April 1983 establishing the Maryland Asbestos Program and pertaining to the establishment of the Maryland Asbestos Oversight Committee, etc.).
Martin Wizorek, Manager – Occupational Safety and Health

2. INTRODUCTION

3. What is Lead? Heavy metal at room temperature Bluish-gray
Low melting point
Pliable
Corrosion resistant
Can form lead compounds

4. In what products was lead commonly used?
Gasoline (phase-out began 1980)
Smelting
Lead batteries (25-78% of all lead used in U.S.)
Paints and coatings
Solder
Auto manufacturing
Printing
Tetra ethyl lead phase out began in 1980
Other construction products : liners, shielding, water-proofing, etc.

5. History
Late 1950’s – Paint manufacturers started to voluntarily reduced lead content of most paint for residential use.
1978 – CPSC limits paint for residential use to 600 ppm (essentially, lead-free paint).
However, lead paint for non-residential use is still sold.

6. So where is lead paint found?
Homes built before 1950
Everywhere – inside and outside (all coatings)
Homes built between
Probably outside, may be inside
Trims, doors, windows, kitchens, bathrooms, etc.
Homes built between
May be outside, less likely inside
***Before 1978 we assume lead!!!

7. What is “lead paint” EPA/HUD/DHS Definition 1.0 mg/cm2 5000 ppm 0.5%
Maryland Definition
0.7 mg/cm2
OSHA and MOSH Definition
Any detectable amount

8. Where could I find lead on campus?

9. Buildings on Campus & Year Built
Date Built
Last Renovated
Rossborough Inn
1798
Morrill Hall
1898
1994
Taliaferro Hall
1909
2003
Calvert Hall
1913
1984
Skinner Building
1917
1992
Baltimore Hall
1920
1986
West Education Annex
1922
Turner Hall
1923
1964
LeFrak Hall
1928
Energy Plant
1931
1957

10. Buildings on Campus & Year Built
Date Built
Last Renovated
Ritchie Coliseum
1932
1996
Shoemaker Building
Francis Scott Key Hall
Preinkert Hall
1952
St. Mary's Hall
1987
Holzapfel Hall
Anne Arundel Hall
1937
1991
H.J. Patterson Hall
1967
Agriculture Shed
1938
Horse Barn

11. Buildings on Campus & Year Built
Date Built
Last Renovated
Sheep Barn
1938
Cattle Barn
Microbiology Building
1939
1988
Service Building
1940
Washington Hall
1986
Howard Hall
Marie Mount Hall
1980
Symons Hall
2000
Main Administration Building
1964
Altogether, there are 169 numbered buildings on campus that were constructed prior to 1979.

12. Examples of the presence of lead-based paint at the University of Maryland

13. Francis Scott Key Hall Exterior white door and door trim

14. Francis Scott Key Hall Cream colored door trim (white door and wall are non-LBP)

15. Cole Field House Interior window sill (men's room)

16. Cole Field House Exterior door trim (note deterioration)
Notice the deterioration

17. Cole Field House Painted “Maryland” sign

18. Cambridge Hall Interior drain pipe

19. Cambridge Hall Interior window sill (radiator cover is non-LBP)

20. Cambridge Hall Exterior white window trim

21. Jull Hall Main entrance white door, door trim, wall

22. Jull Hall Rear white door and white window trim

23. HEALTH HAZARDS

24. Ways in which lead enters the body
Inhalation - Breathing lead fumes or dust. This is the most common route of entry in the workplace.
Ingestion - Swallowing lead dust via food, cigarettes etc.

25. Health Effects
Lead which is inhaled or ingested gets into the bloodstream.
Can be circulated throughout your body.

26. Health Effects
Some is excreted while some remains in organs and body tissues.
If exposure continues, the amount stored in your body will increase if you are absorbing more lead than your body is excreting.

27. Chronic Health Effects
During prolonged chronic exposure, many body systems can be affected by lead, including:
Brain
Kidneys
Muscles
Bones
Blood forming organs
Reproductive systems 

28. Chronic Health Effects (Resulting from High Lead Exposure and Absorption Into Body)
Severe damage to blood forming, nervous, urinary and reproductive systems
Loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, anxiety, constipation, nausea, pallor, excessive tiredness, weakness, insomnia, headache, nervous irritability, muscle and joint pain or soreness, fine tremors, numbness, dizziness, hyperactivity and colic (with severe abdominal pain, lead line
Person is easily irritated and may become aggressive

29. Chronic Health Effects
Reproductive systems of both men and women may be affected
Decreased sex drive, impotence and sterility in men
Miscarriage and stillbirth in women whose husbands were exposed to lead or where they were exposed

30. Chronic Health Effects
Children born of parents who were exposed to excessive lead are more likely to have birth defects, mental retardation, behavioral disorders or die during the first year of childhood

31. Other Chronic Health Effects
Hypertension
Lead exposure has been consistently associated with increases in blood pressure in studies conducted in both workers and the general population.
Blood lead levels of less than 20 μg/dL sometimes are associated with increases in blood pressure.

32. Other Chronic Health Effects
Decreased kidney function
Low to moderate levels of lead exposure also have been associated with adverse changes in kidney function.
This association may be even worse in people who have other risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension or diabetes.

33. Acute Health Effects
Acute health effects only appear when worker is exposed to extremely high amounts of lead
Acute encephalopathy (disorder or disease of the brain) may develop quickly followed by seizures, coma and death from cardio-respiratory arrest
Again, highly unusual, but not impossible

34. THIS IS FROM VERY HIGH LEAD EXPOSURE!!!
"The Dangles" was an occupational hazard for printers
THIS IS FROM VERY HIGH LEAD EXPOSURE!!!

35. CONFIRM PRESENCE/ NON-PRESENCE OF LEAD CONTAINING MATERIALS

36. Lead Identification
Department personnel should contact the Department of Environmental Safety (DES) prior to the disturbance of painted surfaces unless it is known with certainty, either through documentation or testing, that the surface does not contain lead

37. Lead Identification
DES will use direct reading instrument (XRF) to determine if lead is present in any of the surfaces to be modified or demolished.

38. How is lead exposure measured?
PEL:  You are allowed to be exposed up to the Permissible Exposure Limit established by OSHA of 50 ug/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter of air) based on an 8-hour time weighted average.
Action Level: OSHA established an Action Level of 30 μg/m3 based on an 8 hour time weighted average. 

39. The All-Important Action Level
If lead is present in any quantity in your workplace, OSHA has directed that an “initial determination” must be made by taking air samples while workers are performing their job that may result in airborne lead exposure
The AL for lead is 30 µg/m3.
If the results are below the AL, no further monitoring is necessary for that job, and the workers are not considered to be significantly lead exposed.

40. Air Sample Results (As performed by DES for Various Occupations)
Activity
Average(ug/m3
Range(ug/m3)
Comments
Housekeeping
0.11
ND-.34
Full shift samples
Carpentry
3.9
ND-36
Doors, windows
Painting
0.2
ND-0.5
Windows, exterior columns, radiators
Plastering
0.18
ND-0.6
Removal & Replacement of of drywall & plaster
Maintenance
0.8
ND-3.7
Air filter replacement

41. Conclusions
Based on the results, typical maintenance tasks would not result in exposures above the AL.
Some activities, such as power sanding on painted surfaces, resulted in short-term exposures. However, these short-term exposures were still below the PEL.

42. Awareness of Lead Standard
OSHA Regulations state:
Where there is a potential exposure to airborne lead at any level, the employee must be informed of the contents of OSHA 29 CFR , Appendix A & B.
Because you may be exposed to lead, even in small quantities, the next three slides describe the contents of Appendix A & B

43. Appendix A
Substance Identification
Health Hazard Data

44. Appendix B Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Exposure Monitoring
Methods of Compliance
Respiratory Protection
Personal protective Equipment
Housekeeping
Hygiene Facilities

45. Appendix B Medical Surveillance Medical Removal
Training and Information
Signs
Record keeping

46. Health Exam Requirements (Applicable to Lead Workers only)

47. Lead Medical Surveillance
OSHA standards require biological monitoring and medical surveillance for all employees exposed to levels of lead above the action level of 30 µg/m3 for more than 30 days per year
The blood lead level of all employees who are exposed to lead above the action level is to be determined at least every six months.
The frequency is increased to every two months for employees whose last blood lead level was above 40 µg/100 g

48. Health Protection/Medical Surveillance
Obtain a Blood Lead Level (BLL)
Maintain blood lead levels to below 40 micrograms per 100 grams of whole blood (40 µg/100g).
Recommend a level below 30 µg/100g for workers who intend to have children
Blood lead measurements show the amount of lead circulating, but not the amount stored in tissue.

49. Lead Medical Examination
A medical examination is given to lead workers:
Annually
Immediately, if an employee has developed signs or symptoms commonly associated with lead poisoning
Whenever an employee desires medical advice regarding lead exposure and the ability to procreate a healthy child
Immediately if the employee has demonstrated difficulty in breathing during a respirator fitting test or during respirator use

50. Lead Poisoning Prevention (For the Non-Lead Worker)
Minimizing exposure to lead is the key to minimizing health effects

51. Housekeeping/Work Practices
When working with products that contain lead, such as lead-based paints and lead blocks:
Use exhaust ventilation to capture dust/fumes whenever possible;
HEPA vacuum dust-covered work surfaces; dry sweeping or compressed air is prohibited; wet methods may be used;
Do not eat, drink, smoke or apply cosmetics in areas where lead/lead dust is present;
Wash hands and face after lead work;
Wear protective clothing to avoid getting dust on your clothes and then bringing it home to spouse and children.

52. Lead Dust Control
Recommend that HEPA vacuum be used to pick up lead paint of other lead dust.

53. Lead Dust Control
You must use caution if you perform any of the following activities where lead containing coatings or paint are present
It would be a good idea to coordinate these activities with DES to assure lead exposure is controlled
manual demolition of structures
manual scraping
manual sanding
heat gun applications
power tool cleaning
rivet busting
welding
cutting
torch burning
abrasive blasting
cleanup activities where dry expendable abrasives are used
abrasive blasting enclosure movement and removal

54. Prohibited Lead Removal Methods
The contractor performing abatement of lead-based paint may not use the following methods to remove the paint:
Open flame burning
Dry sanding (unless used with a HEPA vacuum)
Open abrasive blasting
Uncontained hydro-blasting
Methylene chloride for interior use (exception, methylene chloride may be used in interior work areas for localized touch-up)
Dry scraping
Heat gun operating at or above 1,100°F

55. Approved Lead Control Methods
Wet scraping
Chemical stripping
Heat Gun

56. Approved Lead Control Methods
Replacement
Any component part of a building may be abated by replacement with a part free of lead-containing substances
For instance, the lead-painted component (such as a doorframe or a window frame) is removed entirely and in one piece.

57. Could I find lead outside of campus?
If your home was built before 1978, it may contain lead based paint. 
Hobbies: stained glass, home remodeling or painting, recreational target shooting, melting lead for fishing weights, lead glaze in ceramics.
Non-occupational exposures: backyard scrap metal recycling, leaded crystal tableware, cookware, folk remedies, pica, mine tailings, beauty products (eye make up, certain hair dyes).

58. Questions?