1. David Hansson &Sven-Erik Svensson 2011-03-28 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp

2. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson &Sven-Erik Svensson 2011-03-28 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp Effect of flame weeding at different time intervals before crop emergence

3. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2009-12-08 Project: Effective weed management in row- grown organic vegetables Participatory research The experiments were designed and analysed etc. after a discussion with: farmers, advisers and researchers The experiments were performed on 3 different farms

4. Participatory research Exchange of experience between farmers, advisers and researchers. Participatory research gives more solutions and faster changes. Present issues are in focus which gives a greater engagement. Participatory research involves a holistic approach to solve problems. The hole group is responsible to ask questions, analyse and participate. David Hansson & Sven-Erik Svensson 2011-03-28 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp

5. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se Weed management system Time False seedbed Seedbed preparation False seedbed Sowing Delayed sowing Flame weeding Emergence

6. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Organic grow carrots

7. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29

8. Experimental plan Experimental treatments, flame weeding: 2 days before (beginning) emergency 1 day before emergency 0 day at emergency 2 days after emergency Untreated control (unflamed) David Hansson 2011-03-28 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp

9. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Picture 31 May, 2&1 days before flaming

10. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Picture 31 May, 1&5 days before flaming

11. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Assessment 20 June, a few days before hand weeding

12. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Unflamed control

13. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Flame weeding 2 days before beginning emergency

14. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Flame weeding 1 day before beginning emergency

15. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 0 day at beginning of emergency

16. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 2 days after beginning emergency

17. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29

18. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 Hand weeding 29 days after drilling, no. carrots at the time of flaming

19. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29 One day postponed flaming resulted in; 10 % increased weed control effect, 10-15 h per hectare reduced need for hand weeding.

20. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se

21. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2011-03-28 Assessment 26 June Weed number a few days before hand weeding

22. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2011-03-28 Weed number a few days before hand weeding If flaming before crop emergence was delayed by; 3 days, the amount of weeds at the time of hand weeding was reduced by half. 2 days, the amount of weeds at the time of hand weeding was decreased by one-third.

23. Område Jordbruk - odlingssystem, teknik och produktkvalitet www.slu.se David Hansson 2007-11-29