1. Overview of Internet via Satellite Internet via Satellite: Present and Future Trends GIBN Workshop Vienna, Austria December 3, 1998 Dr. Ramon P. De Paula NASA HQ Washington D.C.

2. IP over Satellite Market Prediction Internet over Satellite (IP) today: –$178 Million ( US Dollars) Providers: Intelsat, Hughes, Orion, etc. Satellite IP Market will grow to: – US $2 Billion by 2002 – US $30 Billion by year 2007 propel by Ka and V band systems ISP providers worldwide have generated a significant demand for Sat services and demand keeps increasing

3. Companies Active in IP over Satellite today Teleglobe Panamsat Orion Hughes Net Serv. Agcast GlobeComm Fantastic Corp. NetAccess Intelsat Gilat Vocaltec Comm. NetSat Express and others

4. Examples of Current Internet Services via Satellite Hughes DirecPC From http://www.direcpc.com

5. Examples of Current Internet Services via Satellite Gilat/GE Spacenet Skystar Advantage From http://www.gilat.com

6. Examples of Current Internet Services via Satellite From http://www.intelsat.com

7. COMPETITION TV distributionSONET Rings Trunking; overseasUndersea cable Mobile servicesCellular, PCS Remote telephonyWireless local loop, LMDS DBS/DTHCable (digital) Interactive dataxDSL, Cable modems,,, VSATsFiber –Fiber technology is improving rapidly. Optical Amplifiers, DWDM, switches, are decreasing transport costs and increasing capability.

8. Challenges to Implement Internet via Satellites Policy –Access to spectrum –Trade and security –Access to markets –International Cooperation Technical –Launch vehicles –Seamless Interoperability/Standards/Protocols –Long Term Advanced Technologies

9. Spectrum: Issues and Challenges New and proposed satellite and terrestrial services have dramatically increased demands on allocated spectrum - –Extreme Competition from: lPersonal communications systems. lMobile systems. lLocal-Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDS). lInteractive Multimedia. lBroadcasting. lEtc. GEO satellites slots at traditional C-and Ku-Bands are nearly full worldwide increasing demand for new frequency bands. Proposed LEO systems require worldwide allocation of same frequency spectrum

10. INTEROPERABILITY ENABLES COMMUNICATION AND INTELLIGENT INTERACTION BETWEEN SYSTEMS OF DISSIMILAR NETWORK ARCHITECTURES AND PROTOCOLS, USING EQUIPMENT MADE BY DIFFERENT VENDORS AND OWNED BY DIFFERENT SERVICE PROVIDERS. INTEROPERABILITY

11. Reliable Multicasting Over Satellite Applications l Software distribution & updates l Product inventory l Kiosk multimedia programming l Internet web caching l Data warehousing l Multicast technology enables data to be simultaneously transmitted to many network users, but not necessarily all sites on a network l Permits a network node to transmit one message to one or more nodes in a single operation Benefits l Can provide huge savings in bandwidth by transmitting only a single copy of data (subset of broadcasting) Impact l A large retail chain store uses satellite multicast to distribute software updates r Multicasting a 1 Mbyte file to 250 clients now takes 4 minutes r Unicast originally took over 6 hours l Relieve terrestrial bandwidth bottlenecks Land Line Network Uplink Site Uplink Downlinks

12. Future Trends in IP over Satellites Improved IP Protocol / Compatible with Sat Channel Voice over IP Lower Cost Storage Devices Advanced Hardware/Software to handle IP traffic over Satellites New Networks and Traffic Management New Technologies in several key areas: –Antennas, Switching, MMIC, Bandwidth use, etc. New Satellite Systems using new frequencies - Ka, V, and Optical

13. PLANNED KA BAND SYSTEMS* ** Celestri does not exist Teledesic/Motorola now partners FPS:Fast Packet Switch; BBS:Baseband Switch *Total: 279 “Orbital Slots”, 804 Satellites

14. CAI Satellite Com. Inc.EO (1) Denali Telecom LLCMolniya (9) GE AmericomGEO (11) Globalstar L.P.LEO (80) Hughes Com. Inc. ExpresswayGEO (14) “ SpaceCastGEO (6) “ StarLynx GEO (4) & MEO (20) LEO One USA Corp.LEO (48) Lockheed MartinGEO (9) Loral Space & Com. Ltd.GEO (10) MotorolaM-StarLEO (72) Orbital Sciences Corp.MEO (7) PanAmSatGEO (12) Spectrum Astro. Inc.GEO (20) TeledesicLEO (72) TRWGEO (4) & MEO (15) Satellite Systems Planned for V Band

15. Conclusions IP Over Satellites Today Works !!!! IP over satellites not the issue anymore !! –Delay over Sat Link not a problem What Data services the Customer Wants ? What new services and applications will futures satellite constellations provide ?