1. Earthquake Resistant Expansion Joint using Hinge Finger Type
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2. 1.Status of earthquake Damage 1)Geological earthquake
·Earthquake zone within the plate
-USA: Northeastern area
-China: Jaeseong Earthquake in 1975
Tangshan Earthquake in 1976
·Earthquake zone on the plate boundary
-New Zealand, USA, Japan
(Earthquake-resistant advanced countries)
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3. 2) Major earthquakes of the world (since 1900’s)
(Over 10,000 casualty)
Order
Date of occurrence
Area
No. of casualty (people)
Magnitude 1
Northern area, Pakistan
86,000
7.6 2
Sumatra, Indonesia
283,106
9.0 3
Southern area, Iran
31,000
6.6 4
Gujarat , India
20,085
7.7 5
Izmit, Turkey
15,657
7.4 6
Rasht, Iran
45,000 7
Armenia (the Soviet Union)
30,000
6.8 8
Tangshan, China
242,000 9
Peru
66,000
7.8 10
Erzincan, Turkey
23,000
8.0 11
Kanto, Japan
143,000
8.2 12
Kansu, China
180,000
8.5 13
Messina, Italy
120,000
7.5
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4. 3) Example of damaged bridge by earthquake
◈ Kobe earthquake, Japan
-Date of occurrence :
-Casualty : 6,300 people
-Wounded : 35,000 people
-Magnitude : 7.2
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5. ◈ Loma Prieta earthquake
Collapse of the upper part of the steel trust bridge (Oakland Bay Bridge)
- Year of occurrence : 1989
- Magnitude : 7.1
- Among 4,250 bridges
·Minor damage: 89
·Major damage: 11
Breakdown of the punching in the upper structure (State Highway Bridge)
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6. ◈ Northridge earthquake
Antelope Valley Freeway
- Date of occurrence : Jan 17,1994
- Casualty : 57 people
- Wounded : 90,000 people
Santa Monica Freeway
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7. 2. Improvement of aseismatic performance in Bridges
1) Standard of earthquake-resistant design
Road standard specifications, Ministry of Construction, 1992
Earthquake resistant design criteria, Ministry of construction & Transportation, 1997
Road bridge design criteria, Ministry of construction & Transportation, 2000
Road bridge design criteria, Ministry of construction & Transportation, 2005
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8. 2) Basic policy of the earthquake-resistant design
Purpose of earthquake-resistant design
Securing the quake-proof ability in order to minimize the damage of the bridge caused by the earthquake
Basic concept of earthquake-resistant design criteria
Minimizing casualties.
Allowing partial damage in bridge members but preventing entire collapse in case of earthquakes.
Making it possible to perform the basic function of the bridge in case of earthquake.
The Design Criteria can be applied to all area in South Korea.
A creative work can be acknowledged to develop more advanced design even though it does not follow the rule.
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9. 3) Aseismatic level of the Road Bridge and seismic design
Average cycle of occurrence of seismic design
First class Bridges
Bridges on highway, driveway, special city road, metropolitan road or general local highway
Bridge on roads built for preventing disaster in local area, city and province and important bridges considered in daily planned traffic volume
Elevated bridge passing over the road building first class bridge against the earthquake
1000 years
Second class
- Bridges excluded in the first class of the aseismatic level
500 years
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10. 4) Response Correction Factor In case of satisfying all the design requirements for the earthquake-resistant design, designed seismic force for each member and joint part of bridge is the value of the elastic seismic force divided by the response correction factor., In case of the lower structure, however, the longitudinal force and shearing force are not divided by response correction factor.
Lower structure R
Connection part (1) R
Box frame type pier
Abutment of the upper structure
Steel concrete pile frame (Bent)
1. In case of using vertical pile only
2. In case of using more than one batter pile
Expansion within a span of the upper structure
Single column
Column, pier or pile frame and cab beam or upper
structure
Steel or composite steel or concrete pile frame
1. In case of using vertical pile only
2. In case of using more than one batter pile
Column or pier & base
Multiple frame
Note : (1) The connection part means the device delivering the shearing force and compressive force between members and includes bridge bearings and shearing key. At this time, the response correction factor is applied to the elastic seismic force into the working direction.
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11. 5) Change of the concept in earthquake-resistant design
The existing earthquake-resistant design : increasing the strength of the structure
Beginning of the modern earthquake resistant design caused by Messina earthquake in Italy with magnitude 7.5 in 1908
Building the structure stronger can resist from the horizontal load generated by earthquakes
Aiming the prevention of collapse
Allowing the structural damage
Increasing seismic movement of the inside of the structure
A new earthquake-resistant design : controlling the seismic movement of the structure
Seismic movement control system reducing the required strength by using seismic isolation system or energy dissipation system
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12. 6) Earthquake-proof system for bridges
◈ Approach of the earthquake-proof system
Earthquake is the energetic phenomenon and the earthquake energy concentrate on the fixed structure giving the damage
The Large plate displacement
Structural deformation
Damage
Earthquake
Induced energy
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13. Damage of Rahmen tie beam pier Upper plate falling down
Damage of the expansion joint and anti-falling pin
Damage of Rahmen pier (fixed axis)
Damage of Rahmen tie beam pier
Upper plate falling down
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14. ◈ Application of aseismatic system
The system prevents the earthquake and terminates its energy. It makes smaller energy come into the structure reliving the remaining energy.
Plate displacement
Induced energy
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15. 7)Development Status for the seismic prevention system ◈Bearing system – rubber bearing
· Long cyclic function : Flexible horizontal transformation ability
Changing up to 600% in rubber shearing deformation
· Vertical load support function: sufficient load supporting ability
Supporting up to maximum 147 Mpa/cm2
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16. ◈Supporting device - LRB, HDR
· Seismic isolation support integrated with damping function
· Support injecting lead with excellent plasticity
· Support using high damping rubber
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17. ◈Damper ·Oil damper ·Viscosity damper Using low viscosity fluid
Upper Plate Structure
Measuring Device
Quake Isolation Device (Friction Bearing, Lead Rubber Bearing)
Reaction energy fixed anchor
Quick Release Jack
·Oil damper
Using low viscosity fluid
Low dependency on temperature
Complicated inner structure
·Viscosity damper
Using high viscosity fluid
High dependency on temperature
Simple inner structure
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18. ◈Device preventing the bridge falling
Expansion Joint
Upper Plate
Cable type Bridge falling block system
·Cable confining device from SEEE company
Buffer
Bearing
pier
Spring
Stopping Plate
Connection Cable (PC Cable)
Protection Cab
Nut
Mansion
Buffering (Bearing plate + Buffer packing)
Cladding material (Polyethylene resin)
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19. 3. Earthquake Resistant Expansion Joint (ERJ) of Finger type structure by using Hinge
- Use : long-span vertical expansion joint - Expansion : 300 ~ 800mm
Patent NO , NO
Assigned to Technical Innovation Class “A” in the propriety evaluation of new technology idea
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20. 2) ERJ (Earthquake Resistant Expansion Joint) Deal drawing
(Rubber Plate)
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21. 3) ERJ standard cross sectional view
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22. 3) ERJ ground plan Direction of a vehicle course of a vehicle
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23. 4) Characteristics of ERJ movement
Longitudinal movement
Transversal movement
Up& Down movement
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24. 5) Detailed drawing of the Rubber Seal in the lower part
Bonding picture
Installation picture
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25. 6) Comparison Table of earthquake-resistant expansion joints
Classification
Earthquake-resistant expansion joints
(ILWON)
(Other companies)
Structure
Simple
Complicated
Movement feature
Enough to move into three directions
of X, Y, and Z axles
Limited up & down movement into Z axle
Allow the movement into X and Y axles
Maintenance
-Partial repair due to its unit structure
-can be replaced the Rubber Seal only
from the lower laying gap
without any traffic control
- No traffic control
- Partial repair is impossible
due to its monolithic structure
- Full traffic control
Applicability
Easy to construct
due to its simple structure
- Requires heavy equipment for the
installation due to its monolithic structure
Ride quality
Satisfactory with its Finger type structure
- Heavy noise with its discontinuous
structural feature reducing the ride quality
Product price
(Expansion 400mm)
Low price , about USD 9,700 / meter
High price , about 17,100 / meter
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26. Thank you so much!!
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