1. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

2. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 2.For starters: The United Kingdom: the most “advanced” in Europe see Douwe Korff, Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom, presentation at the 2007 Summer Academy of the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD), Kiel, 24 August 2007. https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/sommerakademie/2007/.https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/sommerakademie/2007/

3. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 3. DIRECT SURVEILLANCE - The good old British “Bobby”:

4. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 4. And the 2007 one:

5. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 5. The new guardian:

6. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 6. CCTV in figures:

7. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 7. “Talking CCTV”:

8. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 8. There’s a tiny camera behind the badge...

9. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 9.... and several in the air (to be used for the Olympics):

10. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 10.BIOMETRICS: The UK DNA database - holds DNA data on 100,000 innocent children, and on 40% of the black population - and on him (and he wanted everyone’s details to go on it):

11. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 11 More insiduous: “DATAVEILLANCE”

12. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 12 A further trend: “Bringing protection forward” not really new: cf. See Sebastian Cobler, Die Gefahr geht von den Menschen aus: der vorverlegte Staatsschutz, 2nd Ed., Berlin, 1978 (the 1st edition was published in 1976).

13. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 13 These are general trends, also notable in other European countries (and encouraged by the EU, but I’ll come to that in a minute)

14. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 12 Drivers: e-services, e-learning, e-government, e-everything – and e-identity (ID Cards, e-IDM) “Joined-up government” / “Full societal alliance” Terrorism: massive funding (EC security research; US DARPA)

15. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 15 “Targetting” by computer, using “profiles” - results inevitably in: “false positives”: people wrongly identified as abusers/criminals/terrorists “false negatives”: the real culprits being missed STUDY THE “BASE-RATE FALLACY”!

16. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 16ALSO: Inherent biases and limitations, e.g.: Racial bias in face-recognition software

17. Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom 2007 Summer Academyof the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD) by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 17 GENERAL, SUSPICIONLESS MASS SURVEILLANCE

18. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 18. And now to Europe...... where the same is being encouraged, in particular in the “Third Pillar”

19. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 19BASIC EUROPEAN “THIRD PILLAR” POLICIES: Cooperation in police/criminal matters Establishment of EU databases and institutions: * Europol * Eurojust * Eurodac * Schengen Information System SIS-I, SIS-1+  SIS-II (& VIS) * CIS * The Prüm Treaty The principle of “availability”

20. Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom 2007 Summer Academyof the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD) by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 20. “Policy-Laundering” & “Function-creep”

21. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 21 The Draft EU Council Framework Decision on data protection in the Third Pillar - a disgraceful proposal (see handout)

22. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 22. Data transfers to non-EU countries general

23. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 23. The EU-US “PNR” Controversy

24. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 24. Data collection in Europe by the US authorities – (1): ECHELON

25. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 25. Data collection in Europe by the US authorities – (2): SWIFT (et al.)

26. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 26. “Profiling” at the European level

27. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 27. The legal framework: * ECHR & cases * ECJ & cases * COE Convention No 108 * COE Recomm R(87)15

28. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 28. ASSESSMENT (1): The current EU rules relating to anti- terrorist measures seriously fail to meet ECHR and EU dp-standards: The EU citizen is stripped before the eyes of the Third Pillar authorities

29. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 29. ASSESSMENT (2): The European Surveillance Society is not a democratic one: the Council’s Third-Pillar measures threaten the most fundamental values supposedly underpinning the European political settlement, at both national and international level. In its actions against terrorism, the EU is doing the European ideal a serious disservice by undermining democracy and the rule of law.

30. The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk 30. ASSESSMENT (3): At a more practical level, these issues will create serious problems for European and wider international cooperation in the fight against terrorism, including constitutional-legal challenges to such (intra-EU- and EU-US) arrangements in countries in which data protection is given a high level of protection under the national Constitution (such as Germany). They will therefore ultimately undermine, rather than help, in the fight against terrorism and organised crime.