1. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Transfer reactions at ISOLDE: recent results and future plans Riccardo Raabe (IKS, K.U.Leuven) Seminar Grupo de Estructura de la Materia, Universidad de Huelva 09 Nov 2011

2. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Overview Introduction The structure of nuclei far from stability Transfer reactions as spectroscopic tool Available beams REX-ISOLDE Experimental setup Advantages and problems Some results 11 Be(d,p) 30 Mg(d,p) 30 Mg(t,p) 66 Ni(d,p) 78 Ni(d,p) The future HIE-ISOLDE Instrumentation: magnets, active targets, a ring

3. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future The structure of nuclei far from stability What happens far from stability? Evidence for stable configurations: Abundances Binding energy Energy of the first excited state Evidence for stable configurations: Abundances Binding energy Energy of the first excited state

4. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future The NN interaction One-body SO potential: O. Sorlin, M.-G. Porquet, PPNP 61 (2008) 602 Tensor interaction only if S=1 (parallel spins) T. Otsuka et al., PRL 95 (2005) 232502

5. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Transfer reactions as spectroscopic tool Q-values  position of levels Angular distribution  spin and parities Cross sections  (relative) spectroscopic factors, ANCs Measuring with RIBs Inverse kinematics Low intensity beams (“thick” targets) Detection of beam-like particle  spectrometer target-like recoil  Si array  -rays  Ge array Problems Energy (angular) resolution Efficiency Background

6. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future REX: Radioactive beam EXperiment @ ISOLDE

7. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future LINAC REXTRAP: Penning trap at 60 keV REXEBIS: charge breeding τ=10-100 ms, A/q <4.5 efficiency up to 30% Separator: q/A resolution ≈150 LINAC: L = 10 m 0.8 < E beam < 3.0 MeV/nucleon

8. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future T-REX and Miniball Miniball 24 HPGe 6-fold segmented ε ≈ 7% @ 1.3 MeV T-REX V. Bildstein, K. Wimmer Resolution ≈5 deg ΔE-E for PID ε ≈ 60%

9. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Available ions Currently available Tested Feasible RILIS Laser Ion Source + isomeric beams (also post-accelerated)

10. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Transfer reactions at REX-ISOLDE 28 Na(d,p) 11 Be(d,p) 30 Mg(t,p) 30 Mg(d,p) 66 Ni(d,p) 78 Zn(d,p) 44 Ar(t,p) 66 Ni(t,p) 72 Zn(t,p)

11. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Issues at 3 MeV/nucleon Models What are we measuring? Absolute SF have little (or no) meaning  Relative SF; ANCs Coupling of channels  DWBA? Angular distributions not characterized Calculation: T. Roger 66 Ni(t,d)

12. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Issues at 3 MeV/nucleon Models What are we measuring? Absolute SF have little (or no) meaning  Relative SF; ANCs Coupling of channels  DWBA? Angular distributions not characterized Experimentally (Very) low-energy protons  poor resolution  use thick target and coincident  -ray detection Protons from fusion-evaporation (on C, Ti) No channel identification  energy has to be limited

13. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Coincident  -ray detection …with Miniball Excellent resolution (necessary as density of states becomes important) but No gs-to-gs transfer Thick target  poor resolution for E proton Isomers!  slow coincidence setup

14. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Transfer reactions at REX-ISOLDE 28 Na(d,p) 11 Be(d,p) 30 Mg(t,p) 30 Mg(d,p) 66 Ni(d,p) 78 Zn(d,p) 44 Ar(t,p) 66 Ni(t,p) 72 Zn(t,p) Kathrin Wimmer Jan Diriken Jytte Elseviers Katharina Nowak Vinzenz Bildstein Riccardo Orlandi Thorsten Kroell Jacob Johansen

15. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 11 Be+d J. Johansen, K. Riisager Motivation: halo nucleus, N = 8, clusters… Goals: separation of states in 12 Be, check spectroscopic factors of 0 + 1d 3/2 2s 1/2 ν 8 1s 1/2 1p 1/2 1p 3/2

16. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 1d 3/2 2s 1/2 ν 8 1s 1/2 1p 1/2 1p 3/2 11 Be+d J. Johansen, K. Riisager Motivation: halo nucleus, N = 8, clusters… Goals: separation of states in 12 Be, check spectroscopic factors of 0 + gammas

17. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 11 Be+d J. Johansen, K. Riisager 320 keV 11 Be(d,d’)

18. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 11 Be+d J. Johansen, K. Riisager 0+0+ 2+2+ 2 + to 0 + 2 − to 2 + 2 + to 2 + 11 Be(d,t)

19. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 11 Be+d J. Johansen, K. Riisager 2.1 MeV - ≈ 7000 cts 2.7 MeV - ≈ 3000 cts 11 Be(d,p) S(0 + 1 ) = 0.29 0 + 2 2.24 MeV T 1/2 = 300 ns 1‒1‒

20. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Mapping the island of inversion As protons are removed from the πd 5/2 orbital, the νd 3/2 becomes more unbound  N = 20 gap reduction, new gap at N = 16 intruder states appearing collectivity, deformation s 1/2 d 5/2 d 3/2 f 7/2 s 1/2 π ν 14 20 p 3/2 Y. Utsuno et al., PRC 60 (1999) 054315 20 16 14 12 20

21. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(d,p) V. Bildstein Island of inversion at Z = 12 Single particle structure of excited states in 31 Mg Elastic 31 Mg G. Neyens et al., PRL 94, 022501 (2005) F. Maréchal et al., PRC 72, 044314 (2005)

22. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(d,p) V. Bildstein Δ ℓ = 1  negative parity Cross section to gs and first excited state from total proton yield Comparison cross section to theory (Nilsson model)  info on deformation

23. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(t,p) K. Wimmer et al., PRL 105 (2010) 252501 Looking for the spherical 0 + in 32 Mg 30 Mg(t,p) 32 Mg wave functions have large overlap 12 20 Y. Utsuno et al., PRC 60 (1999) 054315 20 16

24. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(t,p) K. Wimmer et al., PRL 105 (2010) 252501 Looking for the spherical 0 + in 32 Mg 30 Mg(t,p) 32 Mg wave functions have large overlap Tritium-implanted Ti foil 3 H 40 μg/cm 2 Activity 10 GBq 30 Mg at 1.8 MeV/nucleon 4.6x10 4 pps

25. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(t,p) K. Wimmer et al., PRL 105 (2010) 252501 Looking for the spherical 0 + in 32 Mg Ground and excited state populated

26. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(t,p) K. Wimmer et al., PRL 105 (2010) 252501 Looking for the spherical 0 + in 32 Mg Ground and excited state populated both ΔL = 0

27. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(t,p) K. Wimmer et al., PRL 105 (2010) 252501 Looking for the spherical 0 + in 32 Mg  -rays in coincidence: 0 + 2 at 1058 keV 0 + 2 lower in energy and more long-living than expected Larger cross section than predicted 0 + 2 lower in energy and more long-living than expected Larger cross section than predicted Some (2p 3/2 ) 2 necessary

28. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 66 Ni(d,p) J. Diriken The strange magicity of 68 Ni Increased E* of the first 2 + state Local minimum of the B(E2) however No irregularities in the S 2n  Check single-particle states in neighbouring nuclei 2d 5/2 1g 9/2 ν 2p 1/2 2p 3/2 40 1f 5/2 28 50 1g 7/2

29. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 66 Ni(d,p) J. Diriken Proton-gamma coincidences

30. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 66 Ni(d,p) J. Diriken Proton-gamma coincidences Candidate for the νd 5/2 state (across N=50)

31. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 78 Zn(d,p) R. Orlandi Quenching of N = 50 What is the value of the N=50 gap in 78 Ni? O. Sorlin, M.-G. Porquet Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 61 (2008) 602 Van de Walle et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 142501 80 Zn

32. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 78 Zn(d,p) R. Orlandi Coincident  rays (preliminary) Calculations: K. Sieja (Strasbourg) 79 Zn

33. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future High Intensity: LINAC4 + new target stations Beam quality improvement High Energy:up to 10 MeV/nucleon superconducting linac The future: HIE-ISOLDE project manager: Y.Kadi (CERN) mid 2014 end 2015 end 2016

34. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future HIE-ISOLDE Letters of Intent 13 LOIs on transfer @ 10 MeV/u Pb region accessible

35. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future HIE-ISOLDE: Beam lines and Instrumentation slides: E. Siesling

36. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Miniball Actar-TPC / Helios TSR Spectrometer Exp. station HELIOS ACTAR-TPC HIE-ISOLDE: Beam lines and Instrumentation slides: E. Siesling

37. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future HIE-ISOLDE: “Test” Storage Ring TSR at the Max-Planck Institute Heidelberg TSR@Hie-ISOLDE LoI Jan 2011 TDR in progress K. Blaum, Y. Litvinov and ≈100 collaborators Unique: storage ring at an ISOL facility Physics cases: atomic physics, reactions for nuclear structure and astrophysics, decays…

38. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Summary and perspectives 3 MeV/nucleon: challenges on theory and experiment  -ray detection: very powerful to determine energies Unique beams, combination of various reaction and decay techniques The future Increase in energy and intensity: HIE-ISOLDE Instrumentation: Upgrade T-REX, ACTAR-TPC, Helios Spectrometer Storage ring

39. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Time structure

40. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future T-REX

41. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future Issues at 3 MeV/nucleon calculations by N. Patronis 28 DWBA calculations 64 Ni(d,p) 65 Ni g 1.00 fm < r < 1.40 fm 0.50 fm < a < 0.75 fm 14 DWBA calculations 64 Ni(d,p) 65 Ni 1.00 fm < r < 1.40 fm 0.50 fm < a < 0.75 fm Data: T.R. Anfinsen et al NPA 157 (1970) 561

42. Riccardo Raabe – Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U.Leuven Huelva 09/11/2011 IntroductionREX-ISOLDEResultsThe future 30 Mg(d,p) V. Bildstein g.s.: 1/2 + [200], prolate Mixed, mainly 2s1/2  L=0  50 keV: 3/2 + [202], prolate 1d3/2 orbital  L=2  221 keV: 3/2 - [321], prolate 1f7/2 orbital  L=3  I. Hamamoto, PRC 76, 054319 (2007) 2p3/2 [312 3/2] 221 keV: 3/2 - [321], oblate Mixed, mainly 2p3/2  L=1 