1. The objectives of cataloguing, the technology and the user interface
Knut Hegna
University of Oslo
Informatics library

2. In the year 1545 Bibliotheca Universalis, or Very extensive catalogue
including all writings, in three
languages, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, existing and non-existing, old and new to this date, scholarly and non-scholarly, published and hidden in the libraries. A new work, necessary not only when a establishing public and private libraries, but very useful for all that studies any art or science as a better fundament for the studies. Author: Conrad Gesner, doctor in medicine, Tigurino (Zürich)

4. Objectives, rules and principles
what we want to achieve
Rules
how we achieve it
Principles
character of the rules

5. Objectives and rules: Cutter 1904
You might be familiar with Charles Cutter's work which was published in its 4th edition in It is cited everywhere in these days. The first edition was published in 1876, so the 4th ed. is the result of at least 28 years of discussions
On the left side here we have the objectives and on the right side the rules or means to achieve the objectives.
* the first item is the finding objectives
* the second is the collocating objectives
* the third is the selecting (or choice) objective
As you see, the rules or means are closely connected to the objectives.
When formulating the objectives in this way, you get operational objetives, you see what rules you must have.
Seven years ago, the objective for the Dublin Core Metadata Set was formulated like this: "To improve retrieval on net". This is not very operational and maybe this is the reason Dublin Core has not had its breakhtrough in the library community. As Michael Gorman said: they're trying to reinvent the wheel as something other than round. In the library community we have a clear understanding of the objectives and the means to achieve them.
1. To enable a person to find a book of which either
A. the author
B. the title is known
C. the subject
2. To show what the library has
D. by a given author
E. on a given subject
F. in a given kind of literature
3. To assist in the choice of a book
G. as to its edition
H. as to its character
1. Author-entry with the necessary references (for A and D)
2. Title-entry og title-reference (for B)
3. Subject-entry, cross-references and classed subject-table (for C and E)
4. Form-entry and language-entry (for F)
5. Giving edition and imprint, with notes when necessary (for G)
6. Notes (for H) }

6. Card catalogue structure - author with extensive production
James Duff Brown published two works on libraries in the beginning of the 20th century. The first one is entitled "manual of library economy", the second one from which this is cited is entitled "Library classification and cataloguing".
This is his proposal for filing in the card catalogue the works of an author with extensive production.
<go through>
Now if you were to pull out a drawer in the card catalogue with this structure, you would be presented to the authors whole life and works at a glance.
The intellectual work put down in the filing rules disappeared when converting to the online data base catalogue. When the card catalogue represented structure, the online catalogue was just a huge amount of of single records. When you do a search in an online catalogue the result list is often without structure even though it is based on the same cataloguing rules as the card catalogue.
Single works in chronological order of publication
Originals, including manuscripts
Reprints
Translations in foreign languages
Parodies
Criticism, etc., of single works
Collected works in chronological order of publication
Author's editions
Editor's editions
Selections
Paraphrases and condensed versions
Dramatic versions of works
Musical settings of works
...
Biblography
Index
James Duff Brown. 1916

7. The Paris objectives - 1961 To decide
1. Whether the library contains a particular book
specified by
a. its authors and title, or
b. if no author is named in the book, its title alone, or
c. if author or title are inappropriate or
insufficient for identification, a suitable
substitute for the title
2. a. which works by a particular author
b. which editions of a work
are in the library.

8. FRBR model (1998) - the short version ER : Entities, attributes, Relations
entities: of which there are ten, divided in three groups:
Group 1: works, expressions of the works, manifestations of the expression (documents), and items (copies) of the manifestations. Works and expressions are abstract. Manifestations and items relate to physical publications.
Group 2: responsibility entities - persons and corporate bodies.
Group 3: subject entities - concepts, places, events and objects. The other entities might also appear as subject entities.
attributes: the entities are described through their attributes. Some examples: a person has a name and birth date; a work has a title; a manifestation has a date of publication and an identification number (e.g. ISBN); an item (copy) has a call number.
relations: are defined as links or references between the entities. A work is created by a person. It is a relation between the work and the author of the work. Some other relations: a work is realized through one or more expressions; an expression is embodied in one or more manifestations; a manifestation is exemplified by one or more items.

9. Entities and relations: Group 1 Group 2
created by
Heart of
darkness
Joseph Conrad
Heart of
darkness
Selected works
edited by
Heart of dark.
critical edition
Robert Kimbrough
is realized through
read by
Heart of dark.
sound rec
David Threlfall
Heart of dark.
CD version
translated by
Det inderste
mørke
Sigurd Hoel
Ungdom
published by
Gyldendal
Mørkets hjerte
Mørkets hjerte
1992
Mørkets hjerte
1999

10. The objectives of FRBR to find to identify to select to obtain
entities that correspond to the user's stated search criteria
to identify
i.e to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought
to select
an entity that is appropriate to the user's needs or to reject an entity as being inappropriate
to obtain
the entity described through purchase, loan or through electronic access

11. Svenonius’ objectives
To find/locate
a single document
sets of all documents
belonging to the same work
belonging to the same edition
by a given author
on a given subject
defined by other criteria
To navigate in a bibliographic database
to find works related to a given work by generalization,association and aggregation
to find attributes related by equivalence, association and hierarchy

12. Entities and relations: Work, expressions, manifestations, items
FRBR report
Work
Expr.
Manif.
Items.
English
Norwegian
Polish
file on pc
file at
IFLA-site
paper
version
file on pc
file at
Nat.lib.
site
paper
version
My PC
copy
on your
screen
My paper
copy
My PC
copy
on your
screen
My paper
copy

13. OPAC display guidelines
User needs principles
Content and arrangement principles
Standardization principle

14. OPAC display guidelines
User needs principles
Content and arrangement principles
display what is asked for and needed for further action
display records in an order meaningful to the user, rather than in a random order, when several records are retrieved
support navigation from the displayed information to related information
Standardization principle

15. Conrad*

16. Conrad* Conrady, August [1864-1925] Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz
Conradson, Ivar [ ]
Conradi, Johan Gottfried [ ]
Conradi, Andreas Christian [ ]
Conrad, Michael Georg [ ]
Conrad, Joseph [ ]
psevd for Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski
Joseph Conrad
Novels:
Almayer’s folly
The arrow of gold
Chance
Heart of darkness
Lord Jim
The nigger of the ”Narcissus”
...

17. Conrad* Conrady, August [1864-1925] Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz
Conradson, Ivar [ ]
Conradi, Johan Gottfried [ ]
Conradi, Andreas Christian [ ]
Conrad, Michael Georg [ ]
Conrad, Joseph [ ]
psevd for Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski
Joseph Conrad
Short stories:
An anarchist
Because of the dollars
The brute
The duel (a military tale)
Falk: a reminiscence
Gaspar Ruiz
The idiots

18. Conrad* Conrady, August [1864-1925] Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz
Conradson, Ivar [ ]
Conradi, Johan Gottfried [ ]
Conradi, Andreas Christian [ ]
Conrad, Michael Georg [ ]
Conrad, Joseph [ ]
psevd for Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski
Joseph Conrad
Novels:
Almayer’s folly
The arrow of gold
Chance
Heart of darkness
Lord Jim
The nigger of the ”Narcissus”
...

19. Conrad* Under Western eyes The shadow line The secret agent Nostromo
The Nigger of the ”Narcissus”
Lord Jim
Heart of darkness [1902] by Joseph Conrad -
Heart of darkness
Languages:
Coeur des ténébres [French]
Heart of darkness [English]
Herz der Finsternis [German]
Det inderste mørke [Norwegian]
Ja;dro ciemnos'ci [Polish]
Mørkets hjerte [Norwegian]
Mörkrets hjärta [Swedish]
Works based on: Heart of darkness

20. Conrad* Mörkrets hjärta [Swedish] Ja;dro ciemnos'ci [Polish]
Det inderste mørke [Norwegian]
Herz der Finsternis [German]
Coeur des ténébres [French]
Heart of darkness [English]
Mørkets hjerte by Joseph Conrad
1st. Norwegian edition: Det inderste mørke
Original title: Heart of darkness -
Editions:
Mørkets hjerte [1992] translator : Sigurd Hoel
series: århundre
Mørkets hjerte [1999] translator : Sigurd Hoel
series: Gyldendal klassiker
Mørkets hjerte [2003] translator : Bjørg Hawthorn
series: Kagge pocket

21. Conrad* Mörkrets hjärta [Swedish] Ja;dro ciemnos'ci [Polish]
Det inderste mørke [Norwegian]
Herz der Finsternis [German]
Coeur des ténébres [French]
Conrad, Joseph Mørkets hjerte / Joseph Conrad ; oversatt av
Sigurd Hoel. – Oslo : Gyldendal, , [1] s. ;
21 cm. - (20. århundre). – (823[S]) Originaltittel: Heart of darkness. –
Utgitt første gang på norsk 1929 med tittel: Det inderste mørke ISBN (h.) : Nkr
Heart of darkness [English]
Mørkets hjerte by Joseph Conrad
1st. Norwegian edition: Det inderste mørke
Original title: Heart of darkness -
Editions:
Mørkets hjerte [1992] translator : Sigurd Hoel
series: århundre
Mørkets hjerte [1999] translator : Sigurd Hoel
series: Gyldendal klassiker
Mørkets hjerte [2003] translator : Bjørg Hawthorn
series: Kagge pocket
close
order

22. Still I can not help thinking
that the golden age of cataloging is over,
and that the difficulties and discussions
which have furnished an innocent pleasure to so many
will interest them no more.
Another lost art.
Charles A. Cutter, 1904

23. - - - - - - - - - -
Novels: -