1. Overview of JT-60SA Research Plan revision in 2011
G. Giruzzia),
M. Beurskensb), T. Bolzonellac), D. Borbad), C. Daye), E. Joffrina),
P. Lauberf), R. Neuf), F. Orsittog) , M. Romanellib), C. Sozzih)
JT-60SA EU Research Unit
a) CEA/Cadarache, b) CCFE/Culham, c) Consorzio RFX/Padova, d) EFDA/Garching,
e) KIT/Karlsruhe, f) IPP/Garching, g) ENEA/Frascati, h) IFP/Milano
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2. Outline JT-60SA: main facts The JT-60SA Research Plan
The JT-60SA Research Unit
EU activities carried out in 2011
Conclusions
sources: - Public JT-60SA web site:
- S. Ishida, seminar at JET, March 2011
- Y. Kamada, seminar at Cadarache, Dec. 2010
- S. Ishida et al., Fus. Eng. Des. 85 (2010) 2070
- Y. Kamada et al., IAEA 2010, Nucl. Fus. 51 (2011)
- JT-60SA Research Plan, v3.0 (Dec. 2011) [
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3. The satellite tokamak programme
S. Ishida, 2011
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4. The JT-60SA tokamak
* S = q95Ip/(aBt) *
S. Ishida, 2011
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5. The JT-60SA project schedule (2012 revision)
TF: Toroidal Field
EF: Equilibrium Field
CS: Central Solenoid
VV: Vacuum Vessel
SNU: Switching Network Unit
QPC: Quench Protection Circuits
SCM: Superconducting Magnet
PS: Power Supply
S. Ishida, 2012
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6. The JT-60SA phased operation plan
S. Ishida, 2011
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7. The JT-60SA scientific objectives
Contribute to early realization of fusion energy by:
supporting the exploitation of ITER
complementing ITER in resolving key issues for DEMO
The most important goal of JT-60SA is:
to decide the practically acceptable DEMO plasma design
including practical and reliable plasma control schemes
In the original JA view, the DEMO
design reference for JT-60SA is an
‘economically attractive (= compact)
steady-state’ reactor *
* Slim-CS design (R=5.5 m, bN=4.3)
K. Tobita et al.,
Nucl. Fusion 49 (2009)
S. Ishida, 2011
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8. The JT-60SA Research Plan (SARP)
Y. Kamada, 2011
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9. Structure of the JT-60SA Research Plan
Ch.1 Introduction
Ch.2 Research Strategy of JT-60SA
Ch.3 Operation Regime Development
Ch.4 MHD Stability and Control
Ch.5 Transport and Confinement
Ch.6 High Energy Particle Behaviour
Ch.7 Pedestal and Edge Characteristics
Ch.8 Divertor, SOL and PMI
Ch.9 Fusion Engineering
Ch.10 Theoretical models and simulation codes
APPENDIX
A: Heating and Current Drive Systems
B: Divertor Power Handling and Particle Control Systems  Ch.8
C: Stability Control Systems  Ch.4
D: Plasma Diagnostics Systems
E: Magnetic field ripple  Ch.6
F: Operational scenarios  Ch.3
G: Design guidelines for additional components  Ch.9
SARP v3.0:
~ 150 pages
11 main subjects
JA and EU Responsible Officers
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10. The JT-60SA Research Unit (2011)
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11. EU contributors* to JT-60SA Physics activities
Aalto Un. /Helsinki Antti Salmi
CCFE /Culham Marc Beurskens, Clive Challis, Ian Chapman, Ian Jenkins, Andrew Kirk, Joëlle Mailloux, Luca Garzotti, Michele Romanelli, Sergei Sharapov, Irina Voitsekhovitch
CEA /Cadarache Jean-François Artaud, Marina Bécoulet, Clarisse Bourdelle, Jérôme Bucalossi, Joan Decker, David Douai, Gloria Falchetto, Jeronimo Garcia, Eric Gauthier, Gerardo Giruzzi, Marc Goniche, Tuong Hoang, Emmanuel Joffrin, Xavier Litaudon, Philippe Lotte, Didier Mazon, Philippe Moreau, Mireille Schneider, Jean-Marcel Travère, Jean-Claude Vallet
CIEMAT /Madrid Emilia Solano
CNRS /Marseille Sadruddin Benkadda
CREATE /Napoli Alfredo Pironti
CRPP /Lausanne Olivier Sauter
EFDA /Garching Duarte Borba
ENEA /Frascati Emilia Barbato, Francesco Orsitto
ERM /Brussels Jef Ongena
FOM /Nieuwegein Marco de Baar, Peter De Vries
FZ /Jülich Yunfeng Liang, Sven Wiesen
F4E /Barcelona Roberta Sartori
IFP /Milano Alessandro Bruschi, Daniela Farina, Lorenzo Figini, Paola Mantica, Silvana Nowak, Carlo Sozzi, Marco Tardocchi
IPP /Garching Clemente Angioni, Garrard Conway, Philipp Lauber, Karl Lackner, Rudolf Neu, Gabriella Pautasso, Marco Wischmeier
JET /Culham Isabel Nunes, George Sips
KIT /Karlsruhe Lorenzo Boccaccini, Fabio Cismondi, Christian Day
NTUA /Athens Avrilios Lazaros
RFX /Padova Matteo Baruzzo, Tommaso Bolzonella, Roberto Pasqualotto
University of York Howard Wilson
* underlined names:
Technical Responsible Officers
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12. EU contributors, list by chapters
Chapter 2 Duarte Borba, Clive Challis, Gerardo Giruzzi, Karl Lackner, Francesco Orsitto
Chapter 3 Jean-François Artaud, Marco de Baar, Clive Challis, Jeronimo Garcia, Gerardo Giruzzi, Emmanuel Joffrin, Xavier Litaudon, Joëlle Mailloux, Isabel Nunes, Roberta Sartori, George Sips, Marco Wischmeier
Chapter 4 Marina Bécoulet, Sadruddin Benkadda, Tommaso Bolzonella, Ian Chapman, Peter De Vries, Emmanuel Joffrin, Avrilios Lazaros, Didier Mazon, Philippe Moreau, Silvana Nowak, Gabriella Pautasso, Alfredo Pironti, Olivier Sauter
Chapter 5 Clemente Angioni, Emilia Barbato, Clarisse Bourdelle, Luca Garzotti, Paola Mantica, Michele Romanelli
Chapter 6 Duarte Borba, Sergei Sharapov, Philipp Lauber, Francesco Orsitto
Chapter 7 Marina Bécoulet, Marc Beurskens, Tommaso Bolzonella, Andrew Kirk, Yunfeng Liang, Emilia Solano, Howard Wilson
Chapter 8 Jérôme Bucalossi, Christian Day, David Douai, Rudolf Neu, Sven Wiesen, Marco Wischmeier
Chapter 9 Lorenzo Boccaccini, Fabio Cismondi, Christian Day
Chapter 10 Emilia Barbato, Matteo Baruzzo, Sadruddin Benkadda, Joan Decker, Gloria Falchetto, Jeronimo Garcia, Gerardo Giruzzi, Emmanuel Joffrin, Xavier Litaudon, Mireille Schneider, Irina Voitsekhovitch, Marco Wischmeier
Appendix A Clive Challis, David Douai, Daniela Farina, Lorenzo Figini, Gerardo Giruzzi, Marc Goniche, Tuong Hoang, Ian Jenkins, Silvana Nowak, Jef Ongena, Antti Salmi, Carlo Sozzi
Appendix D Alessandro Bruschi, Garrard Conway, Peter De Vries, Eric Gauthier, Philippe Lotte, Didier Mazon, Silvana Nowak, Francesco Orsitto, Roberto Pasqualotto, Gabriella Pautasso, Carlo Sozzi, Marco Tardocchi, Jean-Marcel Travère, Jean-Claude Vallet
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13. EFDA activities carried out in 2011
Involvement of EU physicists in the elaboration of the JT-60SA scientific programme is a precise request of the JA project team
A EU Physics Unit already exists since 2009,establishing contacts with the JA team, organising presentations in the EU labs, etc.
JA-EU agreement: the next versions of the Research Plan (starting from v 3.0, by end 2011) should be co-signed by JA and EU Research Units
Critical analysis of the Research Plan is a very good way to start collaboration in view of a common exploitation of the machine
In the elaboration of a scientific programme,modelling of JT-60SA operation scenarios plays a primary role 
Activities programmed by EFDA for 2011:
modelling of JT-60SA plasmas (through ISM group)
revision of the Research Plan
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14. Modelling of JT-60SA plasmas
Modelling of JT-60SA plasmas has started in 2011, in the framework of the ITER Scenario Modelling group (ITM-Task Force)
This is a multiannual activity, accompanying the preparation, then the operation phase of the JT-60SA project
It presently consists of:
0.5-D modelling to check the main scenario parameters
1.5 D modelling using EU integrated tokamak modelling codes
H&CD modelling
MHD modelling
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15. Revision of the Research Plan /1
An EFDA call for interest has been sent on 20th April 2011
A coordinator has been appointed
A team of high-level experts has been assembled for this task: Total: ~70
France (25), Italy (11), UK (9), Germany (10), JET+EFDA+F4E (5), Greece (1),
Switzerland (3), The Netherlands (2), Belgium (1), Finland (1), Spain (1)
10 countries, 20 Institutes are represented
ITPA members: 11
JET Task Force leaders or deputies: 4
Topical Groups, H&CD CC’s, ITM, ISM (leaders or deputies): 9
Technical Responsible Officers (TRO) have been appointed for each chapter and relevant Appendix. They were in charge of:
collecting the comments and coordinating discussion with other EU experts
discussing with the corresponding JA Responsible Officer and finding an agreement on extensions and modifications of the Research Plan
New version of the Research Plan completed and issued (Dec. 2011)
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16. Revision of the Research Plan /2
Milestones (2011):
5 May : first presentation of this activity at the EFDA General Planning Meeting
23-24 May : first meeting in Frascati to organise and start the activity
June: EU TROs nomination and approval by EFDA Steering Committee
27 June : Task Agreement issued by EFDA: 3.7 ppy allocated in 2011
28 June : satellite meeting on JT-60SA organised at EPS (Strasbourg)
7 July : 1st plenary meeting between EU and JA TROs
June-September: remote meeting(s) of the EU groups and with JA TROs
Mid-October: first draft of written comments and modifications (discussed with the corresponding JA TROs) have been produced for most chapters
24-27 October : 1st Research Coordination meeting with JA team in Japan
November-December: writing of v3.0; iterations with the EU experts
End of 2011: public issue of v3.0
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17. Ch. 2: Research strategy of JT-60SA D. Borba, C. Challis, G. Giruzzi, K. Lackner, F. Orsitto
supporting the exploitation of ITER :
demonstrate integrated performance of ITER scenarios, with similar control techniques
optimise NTM and RWM control schemes
perform burn simulation experiments
study pedestal structure and ELM properties in a wide range of collisionality
resolving key physics issues for DEMO :
understand self-regulating plasma systems
demonstrate steady-state sustainment of the required integrated plasma performance
extend operational boundaries: high bN, bootstrap and Greenwald fractions, Ip ramp-up with minimum use of CS coil, ITBs, divertor radiation, etc.
develop plasma control schemes with minimum actuator power and simplified diagnostics
main EU proposals :
integrate JT-60SA research strategy in the worldwide fusion programme
in particular, link to the programme of EU machines
connect to DEMO strategy in a wider context (e.g.: choice between pulsed and steady-state)
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18. Advanced Inductive (hybrid)
Ch. 3: Operation Scenarios J.F. Artaud, M. de Baar, C. Challis, J. Garcia, G. Giruzzi, E. Joffrin, X. Litaudon, J. Mailloux, I. Nunes, R. Sartori, G. Sips, M. Wischmeier #1 #2 #3
#4-1
#4-2
#5-1
#5-2 #6
Full Current Inductive
DN, 41MW
SN, 41MW
SN, 30MW
High dens.
ITER like Inductive
SN, 34MW
Advanced Inductive (hybrid)
High bN
full-CD
37MW
High fG
30MW
300s
13MW
Plasma current, Ip (MA)
5.5
4.6
3.5
2.3
2.1
2.0
Toroidal field, Bt (T)
2.25
2.28
1.71
1.62
1.41
q95 ~3
~4.4
~5.8 ~6 ~4
R/a (m/m)
2.96 / 1.18
2.93 / 1.14
2.97 / 1.11
Aspect ratio A
2.5
2.6
2.7
Elongation, x
1.95
1.87
1.86
1.81
1.80
1.90
1.91
Triangularity, x
0.53
0.50
0.41
0.47
0.45
0.51
Normalised beta, bN
3.1
2.8
3.0
4.3
Elec. density (1019m-3)
6.3
10.
9.1
6.9
5.0
5.3
Greenwald fract. fG
0.5
0.8
0.85
1.0
0.39
Padd (MW)
PNNB/PPNB/PEC (MW) 41
10/24/7 30
10/20/0 34
10/24/0 37
10/20/7
6/17/7
/6/4
Thermal conf. time (s)
0.54
0.68
0.52
0.36
0.23
0.25
0.3
HH98 (v.2)
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.38
Vloop (V)
0.06
0.15
0.12
0.07
0.02
Neutron pr. rate (n/s)
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19. Ch. 3: Operation regime development. Experimental phases
target values
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20. Ch. 3: Operation regime development. Main EU proposals
Introduce the scenario details for the H-mode in hydrogen.
hybrid scenario development with q95~4
Introduce radiative scenario requirements for each scenario in order to reach ~2 resistive times with the first divertor (i.e. ~30s with10MW/m2 for 10s)
Introduce a dominated electron heated scenario at maximum field This may require revisiting the available electron heating power level.
Introduce 3 research lines on the scenario for DEMO:
High bN for the study of MHD limits and control
High bP for the study of non-inductive regimes and control
High density above Greenwald with the metallic divertor
Discuss from the scenario point of view the alternative option to change to the metallic wall at the beginning of the integrated phase.
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21. Ch. 4: MHD stability and control M. Bécoulet, S. Benkadda, T
Ch. 4: MHD stability and control M. Bécoulet, S. Benkadda, T. Bolzonella, I. Chapman, P. De Vries, E. Joffrin, A. Lazaros, D. Mazon, P. Moreau, S. Nowak, G. Pautasso, A. Pironti, O. Sauter
main subjects considered :
RWM physics and control
NTM physics and control
Sawteeth oscillations
Disruptions
Feedback control hardware
main EU contributions :
Sawteeth control strategy revised
NTM control capabilities during Initial Research Phase investigated
ECCD power requirement for NTM evaluated
S. Nowak
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22. Ch. 5: Transport and confinement C. Angioni, E. Barbato, C
Ch. 5: Transport and confinement C. Angioni, E. Barbato, C. Bourdelle, L. Garzotti, P. Mantica, M. Romanelli
Main research items:
mutual interaction amongst plasma pressure, rotation and current profiles in highly self-regulating plasmas
the intrinsic rotation at high beta, using flexible NBI system + ECRH
confinement scaling at high triangularity, shaping, Greenwald fraction
confinement time and transport in dominant electron heating plasmas
confinement time in the presence of a large population of fast ions
transport studies in a wide region of dimensionless parameters
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23. Ch. 6: High energy particle behaviour D. Borba, S. Sharapov, P
Ch. 6: High energy particle behaviour D. Borba, S. Sharapov, P. Lauber, F. Orsitto
High-energy ions are produced by 500 keV N-NBI
Main focus of chapter is now :
off-axis NNBI current drive (fast ion transport and instabilities)
high-bN scenarios and role of energetic particles in it
Need for measuring high-frequency instabilites (CAEs, GAEs ~1MHz)
Need for runaway diagnostics
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24. Ch. 7: Pedestal and edge M. Bécoulet, M. Beurskens, T. Bolzonella, A
Ch. 7: Pedestal and edge M. Bécoulet, M. Beurskens, T. Bolzonella, A. Kirk, Y. Liang, E. Solano, H. Wilson
Small or no ELM regimes: include research on QH mode and type III ELMs
Active ELM control:
Scenario integration with active ELM suppression
Active ELM suppression at low plasma rotation
Pellet ELM pacing studies
Synergy of mitigation techniques
L-H mode threshold:
L-H transition studies at low n*/high density with NNBI
study H-mode quality at low input power above the L-H transition and at low plasma rotation
L-H transition studies in current ramps (likely scenario in ITER)
Edge pedestal characteristics:
pedestal scaling with bp
test of edge stability models (including High Field Side measurements)
recommendations on diagnostics
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25. Ch. 8: Divertor, SOL and PWI J. Bucalossi, C. Day, D. Douai, R. Neu, S
Ch. 8: Divertor, SOL and PWI J. Bucalossi, C. Day, D. Douai, R. Neu, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier
Main point revised:
strategy and timing for change over from C to W PFCs
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26. Ch. 9: Fusion engineering L. Boccaccini, F. Cismondi, C. Day
Use of JT-60SA as test-bed for ITER, DEMO or fusion reactor components
Mockup test of measurement equipments (controlled position,temperature)
Mockup test of blanket structure and neutronic performance, divertor targets
Test of dust monitoring and removal methods
Test of new plasma facing materials (e.g., tungsten alloys)
Global flow chart of the divertor
Main points revised:
Inclusion of a section on peripheral systems
(pumping and fuelling systems)
Inclusion of a section on remote handling
Inclusion of a programme to check the
influence of variable pumping speeds
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27. Ch. 10: Theoretical models and codes E. Barbato, M. Baruzzo, S
Ch. 10: Theoretical models and codes E. Barbato, M. Baruzzo, S. Benkadda, J. Decker, G. Falchetto, J. Garcia, G. Giruzzi, E. Joffrin, X. Litaudon, M. Schneider, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Wischmeier
Ch. 10 concerns the use of JT-60SA as a test-bed for theoretical models
Chapter also used as a container for modelling work planned in the next years:
main results and highlights of simulations  various Chapters
hypotheses, model description / validation, sensitivity studies, ...  Chap. 10
An appendix now contains a list of codes and models, both JA and EU
JT-60SA specificity
Model validation
Flexible magnetic configuration, covering ITER shape to strongly shaped plasmas
Models of effect of shaping on plasma confinement and MHD stability
Flexible wall and divertor configuration, planned evolution from C to W
Divertor models. Pedestal models. Migration models for different PFC materials.
Wide range of collisionality
Models for collisionality effect on confinement, ELMs, etc.
Extensive set of in-vessel coils for MHD control
Models for the impact of magnetic perturbations on plasma confinement, ELMs, MHD instabilities
Powerful and flexible NBI system; MHD mode control by ECCD system
Models connecting safety factor and rotation profiles with plasma transport. Models for NTM stabilisation
Plans for a rather extensive diagnostic system
Turbulence, MHD theories, fast particle kinetic models, etc.
High beta, high bootstrap and advanced scenario capability
Integrated scenario models. ITB theories. Bootstrap current theories.
Long pulse capability, beyond the global resistive time
Integrated scenario models. Real-time control models.
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28. App. A: Heating and CD systems C. Challis, D. Douai, D. Farina, L
App. A: Heating and CD systems C. Challis, D. Douai, D. Farina, L. Figini, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, T. Hoang, I. Jenkins, S. Nowak, J. Ongena, A. Salmi, C. Sozzi
NBI:
clarify P/N-NBI CD capabilities, power modulation and active cooling specifications
clarify operational boundaries in the various scenarios
ECRF:
Current drive capabilities in the various scenarios documented
relevance of the wave frequency in the various scenarios documented
Launcher design reviewed
L. Figini
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29. App. D: Plasma Diagnostics systems A. Bruschi, G. Conway, P
App. D: Plasma Diagnostics systems A. Bruschi, G. Conway, P. De Vries, E. Gauthier, P. Lotte, D. Mazon, S. Nowak, F. Orsitto, R. Pasqualotto, G. Pautasso, C. Sozzi, M. Tardocchi, J.M. Travère, J.C. Vallet
comparison with the planned set of ITER diagnostics
assessment of essential diagnostics for scenario development
diagnostics for Real Time Control
DEMO-relevant diagnostics (simple, robust, easy maintenance…)
critical points identified:
fast ion diagnostics
ensemble of q-profile diagnostics
Thomson scattering optics
real time diagnostics
Thomson scattering
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30. Remote Experimentation Center (IFERC / REC at Rokkasho)
The REC will be developed as a remote control room for experimental campaigns preparation and data analysis for ITER.
The REC should be able in the future to monitor the ITER plant status, prepare and transfer pulse parameter files to CODAC, presenting the main machine and plasma parameters in real time, and accessing promptly the experimental data for further analysis at REC.
The REC will be tested on JT-60SA at the end of its upgrade.
Testing of REC on other machines may also be decided by the Parties.
(from the IFERC Mission Report, March 2006)
A preparatory working group has been set up.
EU members:
- S. Clement-Lorenzo
- G. Saibene
- F. Sartori
- G. Giruzzi
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31. Conclusions: a complex but positive experience
JT-60SA is now under construction. EU should elaborate a strategy for its scientific exploitation (EU contribution to the construction : 160 M€)
revision of the Research Plan is the first step in this direction
EU criticisms have been constructive, and well accepted by JA team
good common work by EU and JA TROs, for quality, quantity, friendly spirit
open and lively scientific discussion at the final meeting
output: real improvement of the document
many ideas for further developments and common work
now many EU physicist know much more about JT-60SA
a smaller group has now a good knowledge of the machine and of its scientific programme and is looking forward to the 1st plasma
we are working to prepare JT-60SA operation and scientific exploitation, with efficient access for EU physicists
4/06/2012