1. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen  What is the definition of ”piling”?  Different types of piling.  Where are the different types used?  Structure of a sheet piling.  Safety conditions.

2. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Generally piling is used for:  Establishing of vertical difference of heights (building activities)

3. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen But is also used for:  Baffle walls  Breaking water  Framing of contaminated areas

4. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Technical definition: In technical relation a tightening/securing of soil and/or water. Purpose:  Temporary/interims construktions in relation to a building.  Durable/permanent constructions, for example harbours, retaining walls ect.

5. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Example of a temporary/interims sheet piling

6. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Example of a durable/permanent sheet piling

7. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Terminology Der skelnes mellem 2 overordnede modeller for spunsning  Framing of a platform  Framing of a hollow

8. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Framing of a platform

9. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Framing of a hollow

10. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Following types of sheet-piling walls exists:  Copenhagen walls (Københavnervægge)  Free framed walls of sheet-piling irons  Shored-up framed walls

11. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Copenhagen walls (Københavnervægge)

12. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Copenhagen walls (Københavnervægge)  Vertical HE - profiles  Distance: 0,5 til 1,5 meter  Fine in dry sand  Not fitted under water surface in sand layer (the wall are not watertight)  Also fitted in cohesion soil (clay) possible without completing or with gunite  Supplementing: Planks/iron sheets possible gunite

13. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Copenhagen walls (Københavnervægge)  Profile irons is ramed down as traditional piling or by pressing – eventual there could be predrilled to bottom of excavation and then ramed down  Alternatively there can be ramed down to the level of the tip and subsequent concrete are deposit to excavation level

14. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Copenhagen walls (Københavnervægge)  Can be performed as free wall under following assumptions:  Deep of excavation do not exceed 3-4 meters  There must not be settlings sentitive constructions nearby

15. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Copenhagen walls (Københavnervægge)  Can also be done as a shored up wall – as shored up framed walls  Shoring up should always take place if any of the mentioned assumptions ain´t fullfilled  REMEMBER: Safety above all!

16. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Free framed walls of sheet iron  Performed with special iron profile with locks  The walls are water tight  Good where water level is higher then the level for the excavation  A free sheet piling wall must maximum be 3-4 meter because water- and soil pressure can bring big deformations  The terrain above the wall must nok be loaded by digged up soil, building materials ect.  There must nok be any settlings sentisive constructions nearby

17. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Free framed walls of sheet iron Surface loads can be minimized as followed:  Closing of the area behind the sheet piling wall  Excavation in the shape of a berm behind the sheet piling wall

18. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Free framed walls of sheet iron - barriers

19. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Free framed walls of sheet iron - berm

20. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls  Used when the excavations are deeper then 3-4 meter  Are economical better when the digging depth are big (less material consumption than by free walls)  Cause substantial less horizontal deformations

21. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls – the 3 stiffening methods  Slantingly stiffening – with stringpiece  Mutual - with stringpiece  Injected with anchor

22. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls – slantingly stiffening  A wood/steel profile which are secured to a foundation in the bottom of the excavation up to a horizontal stringpiece  The foundation can maybe also be combined with the building construction (floors ect.)

23. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls– mutual with stringpiece  If there are a opposite framed wall this can be used as retain  The width of the excavation must maximum be 10 meter

24. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls – injected with anchors  Are really specialist work  Used by big excavation deeps  The big advantage are the free space in the excavation  Can be established in more levels  A thorough inquiry of the underlying soil volume must be performed thus supply pipes ect. ain´t damaged

25. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls – slantingly stiffening with stringpiece

26. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Shored-up framed walls – mutual with stringpiece

27. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Afstivede indfatningsvægge – med injiceret anker

28. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Picture example

29. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Picture example

30. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Picture example

31. Sheet-piling TRIMAX Spuns planke Varenummer: 300525 Dimensions:HightWidthStandard length Measure5 cm.25 cm.4 - 5 - 6 mt. Plank with groove and tongue, specially developed for sheet-piling, super strong smooth profile which has all the known good characteristica as the rest of the TRIMAX program. A optimal shet piling solution that taking up all demands for durability, preparing, maintenance and appearance. En optimal spunsløsning der indfrier alle krav til holdbarhed, forarbejdning, vedligeho Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen

32. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Fine Links http://www.ramboll.dk/cmsresources/opera.pdf http://www.vejdirektoratet.dk/pdf/rapport_183/komb.pdf http://www.dr.dk/drbyen/arkiv_32_barduner.asp

33. Sheet-piling Copyright 2005 © Nicolai Green Hansen Safety  ALWAYS get specialists to dimensionate sheet-piling walls  Think on your and others safety during the works execution  Do NEVER remove stiffenings ect. even if they are in way  If you observe any suspicious then NOTIFY construction site manager or the authorities  Do NEVER compromise even in pressed circumstances  Life is to short for ACCIDENTS