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Volume 1, Issue 5, Pages 1411-1425 (November 2019)
Design and Fabrication of Silk Templated Electronic Yarns and Applications in Multifunctional Textiles Chao Ye, Jing Ren, Yanlei Wang, Wenwen Zhang, Cheng Qian, Jun Han, Chenxin Zhang, Kai Jin, Markus J. Buehler, David L. Kaplan, Shengjie Ling Matter Volume 1, Issue 5, Pages (November 2019) DOI: /j.matt Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Performance Comparison of Five Important Properties for Reported Conductive Fibers, Single CSFs, and CSF Yarn in This Work The area of each hexagon represents the general performance of CSFs in this work and the five most promising fibers selected from Table S1. Each property is classified as grade 1–5. Specific standards for the grading are declared in Table S2. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Preparation and Characterization of CSFs
(A) Schematic diagram of the fabrication method of CSF yarns. (B) CSF yarns were collected by a cylinder and were used as wires to light a bulb. (C and D) SEM images of CSFs at different magnifications. (E) SEM image of a typical CSF yarn. (F) Photograph of CSFs washed in water. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 SMD Simulations to Capture the Energy Barrier for HFIP Molecules Entering the Inner Space of CNT (A) Atomic structures of CNT that defined a channel for HFIP diffusion in steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations. Here we use double-walled CNTs to represent the multiwalled CNT in the simulations. (B) Force applied to HFIP molecules when entering CNTs with different diameters. “Center” represents movement along the center axis of CNT, while “edge” represents movement near the inner surface of CNT. Inert is the schematic to clarify the center (red arrow) and edge (blue arrow), and two circles represent the two walls of CNT. (C) Energy barrier (EB) for HFIP molecules entering into the CNT against the diameter, where the blue line and red line represent the limit EB for diffusing along the center channel and edge channel, respectively. (D) Force applied to different solvent molecules when entering into CNTs with 1.9 nm diameter. (E) Comparison of EB for different organic solvents entering the inner space of CNT, where the diameter of CNT is 1.9 nm for all cases. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 4 Mechanical Properties and Knittability of CSF Yarns
(A) Comparison of specific Young's modulus and tensile strain with other materials. The Ashby plot was redrawn from Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani et al.,35 Where ρ is the mass density, E is Young's modulus, and λmax is strain at fracture. (B) A piece of e-textile cloth woven by CSF yarns. (C) SEM image of the surface of the e-textile in (B). (D) Photograph of an embroidery machine knitting the CSF yarns into a logo pattern. (E) SEM image of the CSF yarns on non-woven fabric substrate, magnified from (D) (yellow region, CSFs; blue region, substrate; false color was used to distinguish the CSFs and substrate). (F) SEM image of the CSFs in (E) at high magnification. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 5 Water Repellency and Solvent Responses of the CSF Yarn
(A) Hydrophobicity of a shoe made of CSF textile. (B) Photograph of the logo pattern on a non-woven fabric substrate after solvents corrosion. The red dashed line indicates the corroded area, where the green background can be seen. (C) Resistance change of the CSF yarn in response to ethanol and acetone drops. (D) Resistance change of the CSF yarn in response to aqueous ethanol solution at different concentrations. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 6 Thermal Responses of the CSF Yarns
(A) Thermal image of the logo pattern weaved by CSF yarns under far-infrared illumination. (B) Thermal image of an e-textile with a thicker “STU” pattern after 20 s after far-infrared illumination was removed. The inset image is the textile knitted by CSF yarns with a two-layer STU pattern. (C and D) Photograph (C) and thermal image (D) under far-infrared illumination of a finger-shaped pattern sewed by CSF yarns. (E) The relationship between temperature and resistance under cyclic heating/cooling processes. The red dots and blue dots represent the heating and cooling process, respectively. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 7 Cyclic Loading-Unloading Test of the CSF Yarns
(A) Photograph of the experimental platform for evaluating the resistance changes of CSF yarns under loading-unloading test. (B) Electrical resistance changes of the CSF yarns during cycle loading-unloading tests. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 8 CSF E-Textiles for Monitoring Human Activity
(A) CSF yarns were sewn into an e-kneepad. The photographs show the deformation of a CSF yarn at different knee-bending angles during walking. (B) Resistance change of an e-kneepad during the wearer marching at different speeds. (C) Photograph of an e-glove made by sewing five CSF yarns into a glove, respectively. (D–F) Resistance change of the index finger (D, black line in F) and middle finger (E, blue line in F) under repeated winding and releasing process for more than 200 cycles. (G) Real-time monitoring of resistance changes of the five fingers when grabbing an object. (H) Resistance change of every finger under different hand gestures. Matter 2019 1, DOI: ( /j.matt ) Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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