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The Human Reproductive System

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Presentation on theme: "The Human Reproductive System"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Human Reproductive System

2 Reproduction Not required for the survival of an individual
Reproduction is necessary to ensure the survival of a species Individual species produce more of the same species Endocrine glands (testes – male; ovaries – female) ensures the sexual maturation of each individual Testes produces sperm (male gamete/ sex cell) Ovaries produce egg (female gamete/ sex cell) All cells in the human body (except gametes) have 46 chromosomes Each gamete contains 23 Result of fertilization is a zygote with 46 chromosomes

3 Comparison of the Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Primary reproductive organs called gonads ovaries in females – produce oocytes (eggs) testes in males – produce sperm Produce gametes which unite to form a new individual Reproductive organs produce large amounts of hormones which affect maturation, development, and changes in the body Ovaries produce Estrogen progesterone Testes produce: testosterone

4 Comparison of the Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Both have accessory reproductive organs, including duct systems to carry gametes away from the gonads toward the site of fertilization (in females) or to the outside of the body (in males). Fertilization occurs when male and female gametes meet A zygote is formed

5 Comparison of the Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Primarily nonfunctional and “dormant” until puberty. At puberty, external sex characteristics become more prominent reproductive organs become fully functional gametes mature gonads secrete sex hormones Both reproductive systems produce gametes Female typically produces and releases a single oocyte (egg) monthly Male produces 100,000,000’s of (sperm) daily.

6 Fertilization Fertilization and Fetal Development

7 Female Reproductive System

8 Pathway of the Egg Cell Fallopian tubes (oviducts) are passageways for eggs to travel from the ovary to the uterus Each month one of the ovaries releases a mature egg which enters the fallopian tube Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube Egg moves to the uterus If fertilized, becomes attached to uterine wall If not fertilized, the egg breaks down along with the lining of the uterus and passes out of the body through the vagina in a process call menstruation

9 Male Reproductive System

10 Pathway of a Sperm Male reproductive system is specialized to produce sperm and testosterone Major structures are the testes, scrotum and penis Sperm cells form in the testes which also produce the hormone testosterone Testes located in an external pouch of skin called the scrotum During passage through other structures sperm mix with fluids produced by nearby glands Mixture of sperm cells and fluids is called semen Semen contains about 5-10 million sperm per drop Semen contains nutrients that provide energy to the moving sperm and a fluid environment in which to swim Semen leaves the body through the urethra, a tube located within the penis, urine also leaves the body through the urethra

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