1. Technology and Science
Presented By:
Amy Cheema
Samar Aziz
Sana Aziz
Arzoo Salami
Fauwaz S. Hussein
Patrick Martin

2. What Is Technology? Definition
The technical means people use to improve their surroundings.
Technology is people using knowledge, tools, and systems to make their lives easier.
Benefits of Technology

3. Science and Technology
Science vs. Technology
Is technology an “applied science”?
Theories of Science
Theories of Technology

4. Technology throughout History
The Stone Age
The Bronze Age
The Iron Age
The Industrial Revolution
The 20th Century

5. Technological Systems
Definition – This word is interchangeable with “system”
Three parts:
Inputs
Processes
Outputs
Feedback

6. Inputs – The Resources Used by the System
There are six major inputs used by a technological system:
People
Natural Resources (materials)
Capital (tools and machines)
Finance (money)
Knowledge (information)
Energy

7. Processes – The actions taken to use Inputs
Two major types of processes:
Production Processes
Management Processes
These two processes are united. They work together to get desired outputs.

8. Outputs – The result of the System
Two types of outputs
System output
Ex. Manufactured product, constructed work, communicated message.
Other output
Ex. Scrap and waste, pollution

9. Goals of Technology
Two Primary goals for any business to be successful:
To meet human needs
Profit

10. Types of Technological Systems
Manufacturing Systems
Construction Systems
Communication Systems
Transportation Systems

11. The Design Process

12. The Problem May have to invent a solution to a problem
May have to change an existing design

13. Investigation
FUNCTION: Must solve the problem described in the design brief. “What exactly is the use of the article?”
APPEARANCE: Shape, color, and texture should make the object attractive.
MATERIALS: Availability? Cost? Physical Properties (strength, rigidity, color, durability)
CONSTRUCTION: Hard to make?
SAFETY: The object must be safe, should not cause accidents

14. Developing Alternative Solutions
Write or draw every idea on paper as it comes to you
The more ideas you have, the more likely you are to end up with a good solution

15. Choosing a Solution Your own skills The materials available
Time needed to build each solution
Cost of each solution

16. Detailed Drawing Overall dimensions Detailed dimensions
Material to be used
How it will be made
What finish it will require

17. Models and Prototypes
Model is a full-size or small-scale simulation of an object
Prototype is the first working version of the designer’s solution

18. Testing and Evaluating
Does it work?
Does it meet the design brief?
Will modifications improve the solution?

19. Manufacturing How many to make?
Medical equipment produced in hundreds, nuts and bolts produced in millions

20. What is Technology?

21. What Counts as Technology?
Objects
Knowledge
Activities
A Process
Sociotechnical System

22. Technology is Related to Science
Purpose of technology: change in the material environment
Purpose of science: understanding of nature.

23. Technology Involves Design
Design is the center of technology
Design process: begins with perception of a need, continues with formulation of a specification, and ends with an evaluation of the solution.

24. Technology Involves Making
Motivating factor: desire to fulfill a need.
All designs should be made or realized.
If the need is to be fulfilled, the design is to be evaluated, and the design activity is to have been purposeful and worthwhile.

25. Technology is Multi-Dimensional
Technology is performing a multitude of functions
Examples: working with others, operating within budgets, persuading decision makers, communicating to clients and working to deadlines.

26. Technology is concerned with Values
Value decisions may be called for not only in relation to the specific design criteria, but also in relation to the rightness or wrongness of a particular solution in ethical terms.

27. Technology is Socially Shaped
Determined by social interests.
Technology is shaped by society, by consumer choice.
Technology can shape society. For example, the technology of the motor car has shaped our environment and our whole way of life.

28. Technology and Science, go way back…
The word science is derived from the Latin word scientia, which simply means knowledge, and the German word wisenschaft, which means systematic, organized knowledge. (Why?)
The word technology is derived from the Greek words, techne and logos, which means art or craft. (How?)
Science has a relatively recent history – perhaps four centuries, whereas technology has a much longer history, a history as long as humanity.

29. How Technology and Science are related…
Goal: the creation of artifacts and systems to meet people's needs
Goal: the pursuit of knowledge and understanding for its own sake
Design, invention, production
Discovery (controlled by experimentation)
Analysis and synthesis of design
Analysis, generalization and creation of theories
The search for and theorizing about new processes (e.g. control; information)
The search for and theorizing about cause (e.g. gravity; electromagnetism)
Taking good decisions based on incomplete data and approximate models
Drawing correct conclusions based on good theories and accurate data
Design, construction, testing, planning, quality assurance, problem solving, decision making, interpersonal and communication skills
Experimental and logical skills

30. Relationship between science and technology

31. Applications related to science and technology
Electronic devices: Invention of radio
- Science: sound, wave, and optics
- Technology: assembly of speaker, electric circuits, and antenna.
Health Services: From use of remedies to proper medications
- Science: Physiology of human body
- Technology: combination of various salts.