1. Behavior & Reproduction in Sharks
Kevin T., Yazel M., & Rickeeta R.

2. Structures & Behavior
Survived over 300 million years. Resemble early ancestral forms of sharks; called “living fossils”
Lateral line organ can pick up sound.
Can detect a small amount of blood ½ kilometers away.
2/3 of their brain is devoted to it’s smell.
Can detect weak electric fields given of by other organisms.
Have tiny pores called “ampullae of Lorenzini”; which sense electric generated from the muscles of other fish.
Streamlined body allows them to move quickly. Tail fin produces speedy acceleration. Quick to catch prey.
Several rows of teeth, move forward to replace lost teeth, may have 100’s of teeth at a time.
Have to be in constant motion because they don’t swim, if they stop they will sink to the bottom, swimming provided continuous stream of oxygenated water for the gills.

3. Reproduction Fertilize internally.
Males have 2 organs called claspers by their pelvic fins. Transfers sperm into the females reproductive tract.
Some sharks develop internally & live-bear their young.
Some sharks begin their predatory behavior while still developing.
Others have external development, where 1 or 2 embryos develop within a black, leathery egg casing called “mermaid’s purse” they take 1 or more years to develop.
Their empty egg casings are often seen washed up on the shore of the beach.

4. Arynn Washington Myron Williams Paula Mombeh
jawless fish
Arynn Washington Myron Williams Paula Mombeh

5. Groups of Fishes
Jawless Fish which by their names imply that they have no jaws.
Sharks and their relatives, who belong the class Chondrichthyes which include sharks, rays, skates and a fer uncommon fish like sawfishes.
Bony Fish which make up the class of Osteichthyes.

6. Jawless Skeletons are made of fibers and cartilage Lack vertebrae
Modern jawless fish are divided into to classes: lampreys and hagfishes
Lampreys are typically filter feeders as larvae and parasites
Hag fishes have wormlike bodies lack eyes and have light detecting sensors scattered around their bodies and they have six hearts

7. Sharks and Relatives Chrondros is the Greek word for cartilage
Have tooth like scales covering their skin
Large curved tails and torpedo shaped bocies
The most noticeable part is their thousands of teeth

8. Bony Fishes Have hard calcified tissues called bone
Almost all bony fishes belong to the group called ray finned fishes which means slender bony spines
Only 7 living species of bony fishes do not belong to the ray finned group

9. Cartilaginous Fishes & Sharks
By Destiny Stokes
DeMarco Hicks II
Malik Cheeks

10. Cartilaginous fish:structure
Fish whose entire skeleton is composed of cartilage are called cartilaginous fish
Placoid scales: tiny teeth that are deeply embedded in the skin(Point backward)
Visible gill slits for breathing
Mouth located on the ventral side
Fins are very rigid

11. Cartilaginous fish:Behavior
Class :Chondrichthyes
1st jawed fish & has several unique characteristics
Relies on the lift by the pectoral fins to help prevent sinking & to glide in the water

12. Sharks: Description There are about 350 known species of sharks
Vary greatly in size
Filter feeders
Whale shark: largest fish in the world(harmless to humans/vertebrates
Hammerhead: predatory shark( two lateral projections on its head with an eye at each end)

13. Kassandra Randall Michael Williams George Jones
Rays
Kassandra Randall
Michael Williams
George Jones

14. Quick Facts
Except during mating season, Rays are not known to be social
Rays regularly attend cleaning stations where certain species of fishes pick parasites from their hovering bodies
Rays give birth every other year to a single pup, or a pair of four-foot pups that arrive rolled up like burritos
Male rays leap out of water to impress females, to help control parasites, to escape predators, or as a means of intraspecific communication.

15. Mor e Quick facts
Rays can grow to nearly 25 feet from wingtip to wingtip, live for a quarter century, and will consume about 60 pounds of plankton and small fish each day by filter feeding.
Only two species of mantas have been scientifically described, although a third, similar-appearing species inhabiting the Caribbean and Atlantic is suspected.
Although useless and nonfunctioning, a manta has approximately 300 rows of skin-covered teeth in its lower jaw

16. Environments They swim in tropical waters Open oceans Oral reef.
Near the coast

17. Body Description & Diet
Up to 29.5 ft (9 m) wide
Dark brown to black on top with paler margins; they are mostly white underneath
Eat microscopic plankton, small fish, and tiny crustaceans
Mantas have no teeth; they sieve their food
Reproduces via aplacental viviparity (embryos develop inside eggs that are retained within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch)
Harmless to people and usually indifferent to divers
Life Span Is unknown

19. Shark Attacks
Morgan B, Shawn S.

20. Shark facts
93% of shark attacks from 1580 to 2010 worldwide were on males.
In 2010, North American waters had 42% of all confirmed unprovoked shark attacks worldwide (32 attacks).
Surfers accounted for 50.8% of all attacks in 2010.
Swimmers and waders accounted for 38% of all attacks in 2010.
Snorkelers and divers accounted for 8% of all attacks in 2010.
Inflatable rafts and inner tubes accounted for 3% of all attacks in 2010.
2010 was the most dangerous year for unprovoked shark attacks in a decade, with 79

21. Why sharks attack ?
There are four basic types of shark attacks on humans. The first and, by far, the most common are provoked attacks.
These occur when people in some way touch, or otherwise disturb, sharks.
Fishermen removing sharks from their nets, for example, might lose a finger or limb if not careful.
Sometimes divers have taunted or tried to grab a shark, with not-surprising consequences.

22. Ways of preventing shark attacks
Stay in groups and do not wander away from your companions, since sharks are more likely to attack individuals.
Avoid being in the water during early morning and late afternoon, since sharks actively feed at those times.
Never go into the water if you are bleeding, even if the cut or injury is minor. Sharks possess very keen senses, and blood could attract one from several feet away.
Don't wear shiny jewelry when in the water. The glisten mimics fish-scale sheen and visually labels you as shark prey.