1. GE Telecommunications Base Wiruca, Nicaragua Team 7: Section 12 Ricky Schaffer Mike Stanowski Adriana Philip Submitted to Dr. Colledge

2. Table of Contents Project Background Ideas and Analysis Design Specifications Cost Analysis Social Implications Summary

3. Recognizing the Need Provide a reliable means of cell phone service to small villages such as Wiruca, Nicaragua.

4. Defining The Problem To find an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of supplying power to a telecommunication system.

5. Gantt Chart

6. Background Information Wiruca, Nicaragua 48 families All are coffee growers Earnings $100/mth/house Disposable income of $10/mth/house No electricity No cell phone service, but have cell phones for use when traveling If power were available, they would power: TV, radio, lights, fan Current cell phone tower/system costs: $300,000-$500,000 per tower/equipment and $90,000 for the energy system to power it (solar system producing 30 kW/hr/day. (32 solar panels – each 200 W and 24 volts) Other nearby communities recently put in a solar system for $17,000 for 200 people. Diesel fuel is $1/liter

7. Background Information (contd) Security guard protecting each cell phone tower installation 24 hours each day. The current protection building for the equipment is built by a subcontractor which the telecommunication firm employs. Rated for hurricane and earthquake conditions in the country. The community pays 1.7 Cordobas/hr for the first 25 kW-hr. They pay x Cordobas for the second 25 kW-hr. They pay y Cordobas for the third 25 kW-hr, and so on. The generators currently employed are located inside the building for security and weather reasons. The area is mountainous – used for growing coffee. There are micro-hydro systems located in surrounding communities. The communities and the university are VERY interested in establishing businesses around the power generation systems. If power lines are run from the power generation system – there MAY be regulatory concerns. Many efforts are taken to install similar systems, and if they produce less than 13.v kVolts, there are USUALLY no problems from regulators. CLARO is the cell phone service provider.

8. Sodium Metal Halide Battery Lasts about 15 years (around 2500 cycles) Temperature Range: -40 C to 55 C It takes 7.5 hours at 150 amps to recharge the sodium metal halide battery once it has discharged (used) 80% of its energy capacity. Temperature – 270C-350C (inside the case) Voltage – 1.8-3.4V Current- 20-100A Cell power – 100-200W Resistance (initial) – 7-10m Pressure- 1-2 atmospheres

9. Possible Design Solutions Required – NaMx Battery – Power Generator Alternative Energy – Geothermal – Wind – Solar – Micro-hydro

10. Screening Matrix

11. Criteria

12. Weighted Matrix

13. Final Decision Solar and Wind combination. Provides most feasible option with minimum cost and maximum output. SourceWind TurbineSolar Panels % Efficiency4215 Rated Capacity (W)1200225 Maximum Power Generated per unit (W)50433.75 Quantity338 Total Output Generated (W)15121282.5

14. Wind Energy Specifications Skystream Turbine (GE subsidiary) Rated Capacity: 2.4 kW Weight: 170 lb (77 kg) Rotor Diameter: 12 ft (3.72 m) Direction of Rotation: Clockwise looking upwind Blades: 3-Fiberglass reinforced composite Rated Speed: 50 - 325 rpm Maximum Tip Speed: 216.5 ft/s (66 m/s) Survival Wind Speed: 140 mph (63 m/s) Cost: $6,212 x 3 = $18,636

15. Solar Energy Specifications Electrical Parameters -Optimal Power output: 225 watts -Power output tolerances: +/- 3% -Module Efficiency: 13.8% -Power Output: 38 W -Voltage at Pmax (Vmpp): 29.5 Volts -Current at Pmax (Impp): 7.63 Amps -Operating Conditions -Operating temperature: - 40 to + 90C -Max. wind load: 50 psf -Max. snow load: 113 psf -Mechanical Characteristics -Dimensions (L x W x D): 65" x 39" x 2" (1650 x 990 x 50 mm) -Weight: 43.7 lbs (19.8 kg) Cost: $516.90 x 38= $19,976.81 + Labor

16. Solar Panel Angle Calculations MonthDegrees From Vertical January62 February70 March78 April86 May94 June102 July94 August86 September78 October70 November62 December54

17. Generator Specifications GE Product Running Watts (W)-7000 (LP) Surge Watts (W)-10500 (LP) Operation-Fully Automatic Voltage (V) 120 Amps-58.3/29.1 (LP) Cost: $2289

18. Supplying the Battery With the 84 watts per square meter Insulation – Internal Insulation (thermal and electrical) to maintain necessary internal temperature Generator to supply needed power

19. Additional Loads Lighting – Three 30W Halogen CFL Bulbs – Total: 90W – GE Product – Cost: 8 x $9.31 = $74.48

20. Hut Specifications Houses generator and battery Cement Walls – Fire resistant – Capable of handling various weather conditions – Cost of cement: ((15 ft x 15 ft)x2)=450sqft x $2 = $900 + (4x(15ftx8ft) x $2=$960 + (4(.5 ft x 15ft x 8ft) x $2= $480 – Total Cost = $2340 Security – Barbed Wire Fence: $1.50 per foot – Total Fencing: 100 ft (25 ft sides around the hut) – Total Cost = $150 Total Hut Construction Costs: $2490 + Labor

21. Estimated Total Startup Cost Wind System, Solar System, Generator, Lights, and Hut Construction $43,466.29 + Labor

22. Prototype

23. Schematic of Telecom Base Station

24. Time Value of Money Diesel Power is a constant flow of cost of $1/liter. Rate of inflation is currently 1.7% Alternative energy is a one time large cost and some small additional maintenance costs Diesel Power is becoming more and more expensive as alternative energy becomes less and less expensive

25. Social Implications Widespread use of cell phones would allow residents of Wiruca better access to areas around them for trading purposes Eventually could move Nicaragua out of developing status and increase global competitiveness Would increase global communication

26. Summary Green telecom station in Wiruca, Nicaragua. Best option: Solar-Wind Hybrid Estimated Total Startup Cost: $43,466.29

27. References http://portsmouthrienergy.com/A2.pdf http://www.bonanza.com/booths/magnet4less/items/1_2KW_Max_Hybrid_Wind _Turbine_Generator_24V__Controller http://www.bonanza.com/booths/magnet4less/items/1_2KW_Max_Hybrid_Wind _Turbine_Generator_24V__Controller http://www.solarhome.org/solarpanelsbywatt.aspx http://solarelectricityhandbook.com/solar-angle-calculator.html http://www.1000bulbs.com/product/56637/FC30-29392.html http://www.docstoc.com/docs/9121223/GE-PowerPoint-Template http://www.solarhome.org/yinglisolaryl225p-29b225watt20voltsolarpanel.aspx http://www.pasturemanagement.com/electricfencing.htm http://www.magnet4less.com/product_info.php?products_id=643 http://www.homestandbygeneratorsystems.com/products/aircooled/7kW- Automatic-HGS-040315GEC-0/ http://www.homestandbygeneratorsystems.com/products/aircooled/7kW- Automatic-HGS-040315GEC-0/