1. RESPIRATORY TRAINING MANUAL

2. FILTER TYPES Organic gases & vapours (Type A) –Organic substances are gases or vapours which contain carbon and therefore include a vast number of compounds such as Hydrocarbons, Alcohol's, Aldehydes, Ketones, Amines, Esters and Organic Acids Inorganic gases & vapours (Type B) –Inorganic substances are gases or vapours which do not contain carbon. Examples are Chlorine, Bromine, Sulphur, Oxides or Sulphur, Oxides of Phosphorus, Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride. Many of these are acidic in nature or very alkaline such as Ammonia Acid Gases (Type E) –This can include gases and vapours of Organic Acids I.e. Acetic Acid, Formic Acid etc or of Inorganic Acids I.e. Hydrogen Chloride, Sulphur Trioxide and Sulphuric Acid Ammonia (Type K) –Ammonia and Ammonia derivatives which are organic based such as Amines (Methylamine, Ethylamine) and Amides (Acetamide) can be removed using K type filters. Mercury vapour (Type HG) Particulate Filter (Type P)

3. DUST Particles that vary in size resulting from the breaking up of solid materials FUMES Solid aerosols formed when metallic vapours condense on cooling may be produced by welding, galvanising or similar processes involving hot metal MIST Clouds of fine droplets or particles formed by spraying it could be water or oil based GAS Organic or inorganic compounds that become airborne at room temperature VAPOURS Are formed by evaporation from a liquid or solid I.e. water vapours from water Areas protected by NORTH RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS Dust Fumes Mist Gas Vapours

4. HEALTH HAZARDS HAZARDHEALTH RISKEFFECT Welding fume/Metal Fume FeverShort term: Flu Particulatelike symptoms Grain SporesFarmers LungLong term: Shortness of breath, coughing asthma- like symptoms AsbestosAsbestosisLong term: Severe lung damage Solvent VapoursVariousShort term: Narcotic effect, dizziness, lack of coordination Long Term: Cirrhosis of the liver, kidney failure, brain damage

5. ACTIVATED CARBON CARTRIDGE GASES/VAPOURS DUST

6. PARTICULATE FILTER CARTRIDGE DUST GASES/VAPOURS

7. COMBINATION CARTRIDGE DUST & GASES/VAPOURS

8. WHEN DO I REPLACE MY CARTRIDGE? SMELL & TASTE DIFFICULTY BREATHING

9. LIMITATIONS DO NOT USE ANY FILTERING RESPIRATOR UNDER ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS. 1. In any oxygen deficient atmosphere (Any atmosphere having less than 19.5% Oxygen by volume) 2.In poorly ventilated areas or confined spaces such as tanks, small rooms, tunnels or vessels unless the confined space is well ventilated and the concentration of toxic contamination is known to be below the upper limit recommended for the respirator. 3.In atmospheres where the concentrations of toxic contaminants are unknown or are IDLH. (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) 4.Respirators should not be worn by people with heavy facial hair.

10. PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF OXYGEN DEFICIENCY Normal, safe oxygen levels - range from 19.5% to 21% of the air in the space At 16% - youll start developing symptoms like fast breathing and heartbeat, drowsiness and nausea At 12% - youll be unconscious At 6% - youll be the late

11. THE FOLLOWING IS A PARTIAL LIST OF GASEOUS MATERIALS FOR WHICH AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS MAY NOT BE USED FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION, REGARDLESS OF CONCENTRATION OR EXPOSURE TIME:- Acrolein Methyl Chloride Arsine Methylene Chloride Bromine Nickel Corbonyl Carbon Monoxide Dimethylaniline Nitro Compounds including: Dimethyl Sulfate Nitrogen Oxides Hydrogen Cyanide Nitroglycerin Hydrogen Selenide Nitromethane Isocyanate Compounds Including: Ozone Methylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate (MDI) Phosgene Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) Phosphine Methyl Isocyanate Phosphorus Trichloride Methyl Bromide Stibine Sulfur Chloride THIS LIST IS NOT COMPLETE AND DOES NOT REPLACE A COMPLETE EVALUATION DONE BY AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST OF THE WORKPLACES CONTAMINATION.

12. DEFINITION OF TERMS O.E.L. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT An OEL is the concentration of an airborne substance, average over a reference period, at which according to current knowledge, there is no evidence that it is likely to be injurious to employees if they are exposed by inhalation day after day, to that concentration I.D.L.H. VALUE (Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health) The concentration of a contaminant in the atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to the life or produces an immediate irreversible debilitating effect on health or impairs the escape from the contaminated area ppm - PART PER MILLION Used to express the concentration of a gas in ambient air. (Can also be expressed as a percentage) Mg/m3 MILLIGRAMS PER CUBIC METER Used to express the concentration of particulate matter in ambient air. Fig.1 Fig.2

13. TOXIC DUST CALCULATION DisposableProtection Factor P1 5 P210 P320 O.E.L-0.1mg/m3(Lead) If you are working at 2mg/m3:- FFP1= 2 5= 0.4Not adequate Above OEL FFP2= 2 10= 0.2Not adequate Above OEL FFP3= 20= 0.1Adequate OEL Standard Inward leakage (How much you breath in) Concentration Protection Factor

14. CONTAMINANTS IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL FORM: Liquid to gas; Dust/powder to liquids or solids; Solids to dust (If you have a trade name the supplier must be able to tell you the active ingredient in the chemical) For Example: THINNERS Thinners is made up of the following chemicals: Toluene and Xylene= 50% Acetone, Propanol,Glycol Monomethyl Ether= 50% RECOMMENDATIONS ON RESPIRATORY FOR EACH CHEMICAL ChemicalHalf MaskFull Face MaskAirline TolueneNoneLess than 500ppmGreater than 500ppm XyleneNoneLess than 1000ppmGreater than 1000ppm AcetoneNoneLess than 2500ppmGreater than 2500ppm PropanolNoneLess than 800ppmGreater than 800ppm GlycolNoneNoneLess than 200ppm Monomethyl Ether

15. What Questions to Ask 1.What are the contaminants? 2.What are their concentrations? 3.What is the applicable occupational exposure standard / level (OES/OEL) 4.Are the contaminants gaseous or particulate or a combination of both 5.Do the contaminants have adequate warning properties of smell / taste / irritation? 6.Are the contaminants immediately DANGEROUS to life and health (IDLH)? 7.Does the atmosphere contain enough oxygen 8.Is additional protective equipment required? 9.Are you entering a confined space?