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GLASS PROCESSING ( DCP 5262 ) By: Abu Bakar bin Aramjat
Department of Ceramic Processing Technology Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Masjid tanah Melaka
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COURSE INFORMATION Code: DCP 5262 Course Name : Glass Processing
Learning/Week: 1 hour : Theory ( lecture ) 3 hours: Lab/Practical Assessment Course work: Test 1: 15 % ( UNIT 1 & 2 ) Test 2: 15 % ( UNIT 3 & 4 ) Practical Lab: 30 % ( JOB SHEET – 8 ) Final Exam: 40 %
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students should be able to:
Identify various types and properties of common glasses. Formulate, and determine glass melting and forming process. Conduct glass testing and identify defects. Differentiate glass decoration and finishing techniques
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COURSE CONTENT UNIT 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO GLASS 1.1 History of Glass
1.1 History of Glass 1.2 Glass Families 1.3Types of Glasses 1.4 Chemical Compositions of Commercial Glasses 1.5 Glass Raw Materials 1.6 General Glass Makings 1.7 Applications of Glasses 1.8 Basic Principles of Glass Processing: Batching, Mixing, Melting, Casting and Annealing .
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COURSE CONTENT UNIT 2.0 PROPERTIES OF GLASS
2.1 Glass Formation & Structure 2.2 Thermal Expansion 2.3 Micro hardness and Strength 2.4 Viscosity 2.5 Chemical Durability 2.6 Optical Properties UNIT 3.0 GLASS MELTING 3.1 Preparation for Glass Melting 3.2 Glass Melting Furnaces 3.3 Glass Casting and Shaping 3.4 Annealing and Tempering
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COURSE CONTENT UNIT 4.0 TESTING OF GLASS
4.1 Density and Molar Volume 4.2 Thermal Expansion 4.3 Micro hardness and Strength 4.4 Chemical Durability 4.5 Optical Properties 4.6 Glass Defect UNIT 5.0 GLASS DECORATION AND FINISHING 5.1 Glass Colorants 5.2 Glass Etching 5.3 Sand Blasting 5.4 Stain Glass 5.5 Laser Techniques
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Introduction to Glass What is Glass Glass from Nature
Composition of glass Types of glass Advantages & Disadvantages of glass Glass Products Glass Malaysia Scenario Talk about recycling in UK
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What is Glass An inorganic product of fusion which has been cooled to rigid condition without crystallising - ASTM A state of matter A glassy or vitreous surface A solid with liquid like structure A non-crystalline solid An amorphous solid Short range order
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What is Glass “…a material form by cooling from the normal liquid state which has shown no discontinuous change at any temperature, but has become more or less rigid through a progressive increase in its viscosity.”
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What is Glass Uniform amorphous solid material.
Produced when the viscous molten material cools rapidly to below its glass transition temperature, without sufficient time for a regular crystal lattice to form.
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What is Glass - characteristics
Clear /transparent Brittle Inert Durable Luster
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Glass from Nature Magma – molten rock Fulgurite – lightning
Obsidian – volcanic Tektites – fire/volcanic
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Glass from Nature fulgurite magma obsidian tektites
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Sodium Carbonate/soda ash (Na2CO3)
Composition of Glass Traditional Glass Silica Sand Sodium Carbonate/soda ash (Na2CO3) Limestone (CaCO2) Borates Feldspar, Phospate Silica Sand
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Glass Additives Boric oxide: B2O3 Barium Carbonate : BaCO3
Potassium Carbonate : K2CO3 AluminiumOxide : Al2O3 Zinc Oxide : ZnO Titanium Oxide : TiO2 Zirconium Oxide : ZrO2
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Function additive in glass
ALUMINA in glass for : improved weathering and less devitrification (crystallisation), BORATES for easier working and lower thermal expansion, ARSENIC OR ANTIMONY OXIDE for fining (removal of bubbles).
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Type of Glass The main types of glass are:
Commercial Glass also known as Soda-lime-silicate glass Lead Glass Borosilicate Glass Glass Fibre
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Type of Glass Types of special glass include: Vitreous silica
Aluminosilicate glass Alkali-barium silicate glass Technical Glass Glass Ceramics Optical glass Sealing glass
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Types of Glass Important class of compositions is the BOROSILICATES.
lower thermal expansion better thermal shock resistance, improved chemical durability, for such applications as automobile head-lamps, cooking wares and laboratory apparatus
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Types of Glass ALUMINO SILICATE GLASSES for : chemical durability,
resistance to devitrification, higher temperature, and greater strength in cooking wares, glass ceramics, fiber glass and seals.
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Types of Glass FUSED SILICA is especially valuable for :
high-temperature stability, low thermal expansion and high thermal shock resistance, excellent chemical durability, purity and good optical transmission in the ultraviolet.
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Types of Glass LEAD GLASSES are used for high refractive index,
easier working and greater density for lamp envelopes, seals, optical glass CRYSTAL GLASS for art and tableware
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Advantages of Glass Inert Does not corrode Durable
Optical transparency Many forming method Many composition Cheap
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Disadvantages of Glass
Brittle Breakable Heavy
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Glass Products Window glass Glass containers Fiber glass
Optical glass / lens Technical glass / laboratory glass Safety glass / windscreen glass Glass panels / building Tableware / cooking ware Bulb/chandelier/lighthing Laser glass Glass mirrors Glass ceramic
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Glass Products
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History of Glass The word glass is derived from a late-Latin term glaesum, used to refer to a lustrous a transparent material Another word often used to refer to glassy substances is vitreous, originating from the Latin word vitrum. Luster or shine and in particular its durability when exposed to the elements of nature, were probably the most significant properties of glass recognised by early civilisations.
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History of Glass The history of the origin of glass can be categorized by periods according to the methods of the manufacturing process as follows: The First Period: 1700 BC through 100 AD Primitive method of making glass using molds. The Second Period: 100 AD through AD Glassblowing technique discovered, and glass manufacture becomes a more practical process. The Third Period: AD ~ 1200 AD Middle Ages, characterized by Byzantine glass.
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History of Glass The Fourth Period: 1200 AD ~ 1900 AD
Venetian glass, foundation for modern glass making is set. The Fifth Period: 1900 AD ~ present Glass objects used as everyday goods; large scale manufacturing. The science and engineering of glass as a material was much better understood, and in the late 1950's Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced a new revolutionary production method (float glass production), by which 90% of flat glass is still manufactured today.
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History of Glass The word glass is derived from a late-Latin term glaesum, used to refer to a lustrous a transparent material Another word often used to refer to glassy substances is vitreous, originating from the Latin word vitrum. Luster or shine and in particular its durability when exposed to the elements of nature, were probably the most significant properties of glass recognised by early civilisations.
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History of Glass The history of the origin of glass can be categorized by periods according to the methods of the manufacturing process as follows: The First Period: 1700 BC through 100 AD Primitive method of making glass using molds. The Second Period: 100 AD through AD Glassblowing technique discovered, and glass manufacture becomes a more practical process. The Third Period: AD ~ 1200 AD Middle Ages, characterized by Byzantine glass.
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History of Glass The Fourth Period: 1200 AD ~ 1900 AD
Venetian glass, foundation for modern glass making is set. The Fifth Period: 1900 AD ~ present Glass objects used as everyday goods; large scale manufacturing. The science and engineering of glass as a material was much better understood, and in the late 1950's Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced a new revolutionary production method (float glass production), by which 90% of flat glass is still manufactured today.
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Quick Question Name four of the major technological achievements in glass which have had the most profound impact on mankind
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Quick Question - Answer
Glass window – which enables sunlight to come into dwelling unit Lenses – opthamics for improved vision,microscope,telescope optics Light bulb envelope - lighting Semiconducting glasses – for computer memory, solar cell, photocopiers
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History of Glass The word glass is derived from a late-Latin term GLAESUM, used to refer to a lustrous a transparent material Another word often used to refer to glassy substances is vitreous, originating from the Latin word vitrum. Luster or shine and in particular its durability when exposed to the elements of nature, were probably the most significant properties of glass recognised by early civilisations.
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History of Glass The history of the origin of glass can be categorized by periods according to the methods of the manufacturing process as follows: The First Period: 1700 BC through 100 AD Primitive method of making glass using molds. The Second Period: 100 AD through AD Glassblowing technique discovered, and glass manufacture becomes a more practical process. The Third Period: AD ~ 1200 AD Middle Ages, characterized by Byzantine glass.
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History of Glass The Fourth Period: 1200 AD ~ 1900 AD
Venetian glass, foundation for modern glass making is set. The Fifth Period: 1900 AD ~ present Glass objects used as everyday goods; large scale manufacturing. The science and engineering of glass as a material was much better understood, and in the late 1950's Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced a new revolutionary production method (float glass production), by which 90% of flat glass is still manufactured today.
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Byzantine Glass Venetian Glass Blowing Glass Float Glass
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Glass Industry in Malaysia: present Industry Scenario
The present production capacity of the flat and container glass industry is capable of supporting the domestic market demand and subsequently a substantial amount of output is exported. The output is currently in the rgion of 650 tonnes of glass containers and tonnes of flat glass annually
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Glass Malaysia Scenario
Glass Categories Products Silica-based chemical Sodium silicate Construction –related products tempered & laminated glass Industrial glass Fiberglass, float glass, panel & funnel, cullet Advanced & specialty glass Silicon wafer, optical & pharmaceutical glass, glass substrate, handphone screen Household glass product Tableware, container/bottles, microwave turntable
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Glass Malaysia Scenario
Glass Categories Production Qty Silica-based chemical tonnes Construction –related products tonnes Industrial glass 3 – 54m tonnes Advanced & specialty glass 10m – 20m pcs Household glass product 30000 – tonnes Source: Mineral &Geoscience Department Industry Survey 2007
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Existing Local manufacturers based on product Grouping
Product Groups Manufacturrers Clear Flat glass Malaysian Sheet Glass Bhd (MSG) Malaysia n Mirrors Sdn Bhd Colourless & Coloured Container Glass KIG Glass Industrial Sdn Bhd JG Container Sdn Bhd KL Glass Mfr Co Sdn Bhd Tableware Glass Malaya Glass Bhd Asia Glass Sdn Bhd Hamay Glass Sdn Bhd Clear Flat Glass (laminated) MSG Safety Glass Sdn Bhd MCIS Safety Glass Sdn Bhd
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Existing Local manufacturers based on product Grouping
Product Groups Manufacturrers Clear Flat Glass (tempered) Malaysian Sheet Glass sdn bhd MCIS Safety Glass sdn bhd Funnels & Panels for CRT Samsung Corning sdn bhd Nippon Electric Glass sdn bhd Matsushita Electric Corp sdn bhd Chemical/Lab glassware Sri K.K Industry sdn bhd Insulating glass wool and fibreglass Johore fiberglass sdn bhd Polyglass Fibre sdn bhd Foster Insulation sdn bhd Art Fiber Industry sdn bhd B.I.T Fiber Glass sdn bhd
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Existing Local manufacturers based on product Grouping
Product Groups Manufacturrers Optical Glass Policore Optical sdn bhd Schott Glass sdn bhd Ohara Optical Sdn Bhd Glass Substrate/ electronic glass Konica Minolta Glass Tech Sdn Bhd Crystal Glass Rembau Crystal SB Faizy Crystal Glass Blowing SB PL Crystal Village SB
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End of lecture Thank you…
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