2. 2

3. Powered by batteries, which need to be recharged Powered by batteries, which need to be recharged Fewer moving parts than gas vehicles Fewer moving parts than gas vehicles Regenerative braking helps recharge the batteries to save energy Regenerative braking helps recharge the batteries to save energy http://cdn.digitaltrends.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/01/IBM-working-on- electric-car-battery-that-could-get-up-to-500- miles.jpg http://www.kids.esdb.bg/images/WhoKilledtheEle ctricCar.jpg 3

4. 4 Chassis http://discovermagazine.com/2009/apr/09-can-smart-tech-keep-chevy-volt.s-battery- running/cardiagram.jpg http://ev.gearboxmag azine.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/ 07/chevrolet-volt- battery-2-re.jpg

5. No carbon emissions (smog) No carbon emissions (smog) Can charge at home or at public charging stations Can charge at home or at public charging stations Less use of fossil fuels Less use of fossil fuels More efficient use of energy More efficient use of energy Does not pollute the environment http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-28wNi88weIo/TWJloA5J-0I/AAAAAAAAAAQ/T6eEd_VdP2c/s1600/car-pollution.jpg http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/41/91641-004-842864B7.jpg 5

6. Toronto without smogToronto with smog 6 Smog is air pollution caused in-part by combustion engines Smog is air pollution caused in-part by combustion engines Electric cars dont produce smog Electric cars dont produce smog http://www.frw.ca /albums/Clean- Air/Clean_Air_Pr oject_View_from_ the_top_of_the_B eare_Landfill_on_ a_clear_windyda y_l_and_smoggy_ day.jpg

7. Drives for shorter lengths than a car using gas (Range Anxiety) Drives for shorter lengths than a car using gas (Range Anxiety) Takes a long time to charge Takes a long time to charge Electric cars are more expensive Electric cars are more expensive 7 http://www.popsci.com/files/imagecache/arti cle_image_large/articles/volt2_0.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-krx1ol1O52w/TqfswuspayI/AAAAAAAAAF0/h3hoJWcl_rk/s1600/cool_dollar_sign.jpg

8. In-transit charging: In-transit charging: Conductive Conductive In-road inductive chargers In-road inductive chargers 8 http://static.ibsrv.net/car-pictures/electric-car- parts/electric-car-battery.jpg Larger batteries Larger batteries Batteries with higher energy density Batteries with higher energy density

9. 9

10. You can go to Toronto, Ottawa or even Nova Scotia without stopping to charge your battery You can go to Toronto, Ottawa or even Nova Scotia without stopping to charge your battery Uses smaller, lighter, and less expensive batteries Uses smaller, lighter, and less expensive batteries 10 Cars can charge while driving Cars can charge while driving http://www.niagaramotors.com/images/southontariomap.gif

11. Yes, but these are what need to be done first: Yes, but these are what need to be done first: 11 Making the conductors retractable Making the conductors retractable Safety system when the car engages and disengages the in- transit lane Safety system when the car engages and disengages the in- transit lane Automatic payment and billing system Automatic payment and billing system Making the in-transit system weather-proof Making the in-transit system weather-proof http://www.salmonarm.ca/images/%7BA96DE30E-15B6-43BB-A3ED-5683A033EF4E%7DMan_Paying.jpg Government regulations and standards Government regulations and standards

12. 12 We are grateful for the financial support of Ontario Research Fund and Automotive Partnership Canada for the development of this setup. The contributions of Kevin Cochran, Amko Verkerk, George Tzoganakis, Adrian Neil, and Mitch Rushton have been significant in the design, fabrication and programming of this setup and are very appreciated. Amir Khajepour, PhD, PEng Professor and Canada Research Chair in Mechatronic Vehicle Systems Principal Investigator, Green Intelligent Transportation Systems – Green ITS