1. University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Carmelo León, Jorge Araña and Raquel Espino Las Palmas,19-20 January, 2006 Survey Results from Spain Developing Harmonised European Approaches for Transport Costing and Project Assessment (HEATCO)

2. Working Plan Timing Comments to the draft questionnaire December, 2004 Survey firms and Noise Maps January-February, 2005 Focus GroupMarch, 2005 Pre-testOctober, 2005 Main SurveyNovember-December, 2005 Preliminary ResultsJanuary, 2006

3. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Survey Results from Spain Survey Firms Focus Group Pre-test & Survey Total Amount ROAD TRAFFIC EDEI, S.L. http://www.edei.es/en/index.htm 1522.5 600 respondents 16380 17920.5 1000 respondents 28665 30187.5 Gabimet, S.L. They do not have web site 955.5 600 respondents 17141.25 18096.75 1000 respondents 25825 26780.5 TSA, S.L. http://www.tsa-sl.es 1622.74 600 respondents 10358.63 11981.37 1000 respondents 16708.95 18331.69 RAIL GALLUP- 350 respondents 7500

4. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Survey Results from Spain Urban and rural areas in Gran Canaria:Urban and rural areas in Gran Canaria: Urban areasLeq (dBA) Las Palmas de Gran Canaria-A65-69 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria-B70-74 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria-C75-79 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria-D80-85 Rural areasLeq (dBA) San Fernando- Doctoral- Vecindario- Tablero- Gáldar- Guía-

5. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Road Traffic Noise Gran CanariaGran Canaria

6. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Rail Noise Urban areasLeq (dBA) Móstoles69.2 Leganés68.5 Alcalá de Henares63.4 Madrid- Getafe69.2 Rural areasLeq (dBA) Collado Villalba- Coslada- Pozuelo de Alarcón- San Fernando- Urban and Rural areas in Region of MadridUrban and Rural areas in Region of Madrid

7. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Rail Noise Noise Map of region of Madrid (1997)Noise Map of region of Madrid (1997)

8. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Survey Results from Spain In general, participants found it very difficult to isolate valuations invoked by car traffic from the overall street noise. Actually, most of them failed to focus on the valuation scenario since the rest of the noise sources remained affecting them, and nothing was said about it.In general, participants found it very difficult to isolate valuations invoked by car traffic from the overall street noise. Actually, most of them failed to focus on the valuation scenario since the rest of the noise sources remained affecting them, and nothing was said about it. Another potential protest argument was the perception that the main source of car traffic noise is not heavy traffic but an extended non-civic behaviour in the population.Another potential protest argument was the perception that the main source of car traffic noise is not heavy traffic but an extended non-civic behaviour in the population. They suggested that the policy to counteract noise may contain other aspects such as an increase in the number of policemen in the streets to enforce civic behaviour (illegal parking, …)They suggested that the policy to counteract noise may contain other aspects such as an increase in the number of policemen in the streets to enforce civic behaviour (illegal parking, …) It was noted a potentially high correlation between the time the subject has been previously exposed to the noise and her preferences for silence.It was noted a potentially high correlation between the time the subject has been previously exposed to the noise and her preferences for silence.

9. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Survey Results from Spain It was noted that the quality, and not only the quantity, of the activities that subjects carry out at home, could make a difference in the valuation results. That is, people who study or work at home complaint far more than others.It was noted that the quality, and not only the quantity, of the activities that subjects carry out at home, could make a difference in the valuation results. That is, people who study or work at home complaint far more than others. Participants showed relevant doubts about the proposed policy in the current wording. It can be suggested two alternative and more reliable wordings:Participants showed relevant doubts about the proposed policy in the current wording. It can be suggested two alternative and more reliable wordings: In any case, it seemed they did not fully trust a 100% of noise reduction. It was found more adequate to propose different levels of noise reduction and to elicit a full risk reduction valuation functionIn any case, it seemed they did not fully trust a 100% of noise reduction. It was found more adequate to propose different levels of noise reduction and to elicit a full risk reduction valuation function 1.Say that the cover has been already used in Europe with a 100 % of success 2.Use a headphone and car noise before and after the policy to convince individuals about the different in traffic noise with the cover

10. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Survey Results from Spain Information. There seems to be significant heterogeneity in the level of information about the effect that noise could cause to human health.Information. There seems to be significant heterogeneity in the level of information about the effect that noise could cause to human health. Subjects did not find credible the motorbikes scenario, and did not think anyone might pay for it.Subjects did not find credible the motorbikes scenario, and did not think anyone might pay for it. Subjects did not accept an increase in the municipality fee to cover the policies because they did not believe in current management. An ad hoc Association that collects money and guarantees their use in reducing traffic noise was somewhat more credible to the participants.Subjects did not accept an increase in the municipality fee to cover the policies because they did not believe in current management. An ad hoc Association that collects money and guarantees their use in reducing traffic noise was somewhat more credible to the participants. To the open question (how much would you WTP?), almost 90% stated reasons associated with costs rather that values. Also 100 % of them considered others WTP as a relevant aspect to state their own value. The independence assumption seems not to hold here.To the open question (how much would you WTP?), almost 90% stated reasons associated with costs rather that values. Also 100 % of them considered others WTP as a relevant aspect to state their own value. The independence assumption seems not to hold here.

11. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Qualitative Analysis Wording. The pre-test was especially useful for improving the wording of the final questionnaire.Wording. The pre-test was especially useful for improving the wording of the final questionnaire. Interviewer bias. During the pre-test all the misunderstandings, doubts, and questions that were expressed by the respondents were collected. This helped us to define a list of responses common to all the interviewers. This was possible only for the road traffic noise sample.Interviewer bias. During the pre-test all the misunderstandings, doubts, and questions that were expressed by the respondents were collected. This helped us to define a list of responses common to all the interviewers. This was possible only for the road traffic noise sample. Valuation Scenario. We confirmed that, although there was a large proportion of zeros, the valuation scenario seemed to be well understood.Valuation Scenario. We confirmed that, although there was a large proportion of zeros, the valuation scenario seemed to be well understood.

12. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Qualitative Analysis VTTS Scenario. We found serious problems regarding the VTTS scenarioVTTS Scenario. We found serious problems regarding the VTTS scenario What is the relationship between Noise Reduction and Time savings?. Respondents did not fully understand the link between Noise and Time Saving questions in the same survey. What is the relationship between Noise Reduction and Time savings?. Respondents did not fully understand the link between Noise and Time Saving questions in the same survey. Scenario credibility. Respondents found it difficult to understand how traffic congestion can be reduced by paying extra money. The scenario was perhaps not concrete enough. (How my money can reduce traffic density?, what exactly am I paying? to whom? Is it a toll fee?). Scenario credibility. Respondents found it difficult to understand how traffic congestion can be reduced by paying extra money. The scenario was perhaps not concrete enough. (How my money can reduce traffic density?, what exactly am I paying? to whom? Is it a toll fee?).

13. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Quantitative analysis Although we have few observations (50) we find some relevant issues that may help to explain results:Although we have few observations (50) we find some relevant issues that may help to explain results: Heterogeneity in Bid Design. By implementing an open-ended question and a bid design technique based on Cooper (1993) we find that the European bid design might not be an optimal design for the Canary Islands sample. Heterogeneity in Bid Design. By implementing an open-ended question and a bid design technique based on Cooper (1993) we find that the European bid design might not be an optimal design for the Canary Islands sample. Heterogeneity in Preferences. There is a challenge for the econometric approach to model heterogeneity: Flexible distributions are recommended (SNPDF, Mixtures, …). Heterogeneity in Preferences. There is a challenge for the econometric approach to model heterogeneity: Flexible distributions are recommended (SNPDF, Mixtures, …).

14. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Very Preliminary Analysis Mean WTP 321.91 76.06 76.06 RURAL 43.26 16.51 16.51 URBAN RAILWAY NOISE 50.98 14.5 14.5 RURAL 300.12 45.30 45.30 URBAN ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE s.d.Region Type of Survey

15. Main Survey Results Pre-test Focus Group Survey firms Noise Maps Developing harmonised European approaches for transport costing and project assessment (HEATCO) Very Preliminary Analysis 31,25%Valid Answers (WTP>=0) 28,01%Protest answer 40,74%Don´t want to answer ProportionCategories

16. University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Carmelo León, Jorge Araña and Raquel Espino Las Palmas,19-20 January, 2006 Survey Results from Spain Developing Harmonised European Approaches for Transport Costing and Project Assessment (HEATCO)