1. The Elements of Culture
Culture is the total of knowledge , attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group. Culture involves the following factors:
Food shelter
Religion
Relationships to family and others
Language
Education
Security/protection
Political and social organization
Creative expression

2. Cultural Change & Exchange

3. What is Innovation?
Taking existing technology and resources & creating something new to meet a need.

4. What is diffusion?
The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior.

5. When does acculturation happens?
When a society accepts or adopts an innovation.

6. Custom
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people.

7. Origins and Diffusion of Folk & Popular Cultures
Origin of folk and popular cultures
Origin of folk music
Origin of popular music
Diffusion of folk and popular cultures
The Amish: Relocation diffusion of folk culture
Sports: Hierarchical diffusion of popular culture

8. Himalayan Folk Cultural Regions
Fig. 4-4: Cultural geographers have identified four distinct culture regions based on predominant religions in the Himalaya Mountains.

9. Hip Hop music
South Bronx, considered the birthplace of hip hop. Hip Hop is an American musical genre in which rhythmic and rhyming speech is chanted to musical accompaniment.

10. French Road Signs, Québec

11. Origin, Diffusion, & Dialects of English
Origin and diffusion of English
English colonies
Origin of English in England
Dialects of English
Dialects in England
Differences between British & American English
Dialects in the United States

12. English Speaking Countries
Fig. 5-1: English is an official language in 50 countries, including some in which it is not the most widely spoken language. It is also used and understood in many others.

13. Romance Branch of Indo-European
Fig. 5-8: The Romance branch includes three of the world’s 12 most widely spoken languages (Spanish, French, and Portuguese), as well as a number of smaller languages and dialects.

14. Hog Production & Food Cultures
Fig. 4-6: Annual hog production is influenced by religious taboos against pork consumption in Islam and other religions. The highest production is in China, which is largely Buddhist.

15. Wide Dispersion of Popular Culture
Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, & food
Popular housing styles
Rapid diffusion of clothing styles
Popular food customs
Television and diffusion of popular culture
Diffusion of television
Diffusion of the internet
Government control of television

16. Alcohol Preferences in the U.S.
Fig. 4-12: Per capita consumption of Canadian whiskey (left) and tequila (right) show different source areas and histories of diffusion.

17. Wine Production per year
Fig. 4-13: The distribution of wine production shows the joint impact of the physical environment and social customs.

18. 1. What factors lead a country to be developed. 2
1. What factors lead a country to be developed? 2. What factors would contribute to a country being underdeveloped (developing)?

19. World’s most developed countries

21. Developed Underdeveloped
Infant mortality rate?
Life expectancy?
Birth rate?
GDP per capita?
Literacy rate?
Infant mortality rate?
Life expectancy?
Birth rate
GDP per capita?
Literacy rate?

22. Diffusion of TV
Fig. 4-14: Television has diffused widely since the 1950s, but some areas still have low numbers of TVs per population.

23. TV Distribution, 1954

24. TV Distribution, 1970

25. TV Distribution, 2003

26. Distribution of Internet Users, 1995 - 2003
Liz Lewis:
Distribution of Internet Users,
Fig. 4-15: Internet users per 1000 population. Diffusion of internet service is following the pattern of TV diffusion in the 20th century, but at a much faster rate.

27. Internet Users, 1995 per 1000 population

28. Internet Users, 2004 per 1000 population

29. Internet shop, India

30. Internet Use by Food Seller in China

31. Geisha Kyoto, Japan

32. Impacts of the Globalization of Popular Culture
Threats to folk culture
Loss of traditional values
Foreign media dominance
Environmental impacts of popular culture
Modifying nature
Uniform landscapes
Negative environmental impact

33. McDonald’s in Beijing, China