1. Modern Ethernet UTP and Fiber Optic Cable-based Ethernet
Chapter 6
Modern Ethernet
UTP and Fiber Optic Cable-based Ethernet

2. Problems with the “Old” Physical Bus, Coaxial Cable Based Ethernet
The long BUS cable gets damaged easily
Problem 2:
The Coaxial Cable used for the BUS cable is relatively expensive and difficult to install/replace

3. The “New” Ethernet Solution to Problem 1: Solution to Problem 2:
Star physical topology instead of bus physical topology
Solution to Problem 2:
UTP cable instead of coaxial cable

4. The “New” Ethernet
UTP Cable-based Ethernet
Fiber Optic Cable-based Ethernet
Wireless Ethernet (Chapter 9)

5. 10BaseT 10BaseT = UTP cable (the “T”) based Ethernet
Similarities between 10BaseT and the “Old” Coaxial Cable based Ethernet:
BUS logical topology
Ethernet frame‏
CSMA/CD‏
10 Mbps‏
Baseband
Differences between 10BaseT and the “Old” Coaxial Cable based Ethernet:
Star physical topology (Star Bus topology)‏ instead of bus physical
Ethernet Hub and UTP cable instead of coaxial cable bus

6. Older versus Newer Ethernet
Older: BUS Physical Topology
Newer: STAR Physical Topology
Older: Coaxial Cable as the Bus Cable
Newer: UTP Cable as the Patch Cable and the Horizontal Run

7. 10BaseT: Segment and Ethernet Hub
In a BUS physical topology, a SEGMENT is a single BUS cable
In a STAR physical topology, a SEGMENT is a single HUB (Ethernet Hub)

8. Segment in the Older and Newer Ethernet
Older Ethernet:
A segment is a SINGLE Ethernet bus
Newer Ethernet:
A segment is a SINGLE Ethernet hub
In this example, this network consists of 2 segments
In this example, this network consists of 4 segments

9. 10BaseT: Cabling CAT3 or higher, two pairs, UTP cable RJ-45 connectors
Also known as CRIMP
Connecting UTP cable to RJ-45 connector: CRIMPING
Crimping standard:
TIA/EIA 568 A standard: see Figure 6.9 on Page 103
TIA/EIA 568 B standard: see Figure 6.10 on Page 103

10. 10BaseT: Specifications
10 Mbps
Baseband
Maximum distance between the hub and the node (computer/NIC): 100 meters
Maximum number of nodes per hub: 1024
Network topology: Star Bus ‏
Cable: UTP, CAT3 or higher, two pairs, RJ-45 connectors

12. 10BaseFL/10BaseF: Specifications
10 Mbps
Baseband
Maximum distance between the hub and the node (computer/NIC): 2000 meters (2 kilometers)‏
Network topology: Star Bus (Star physical topology (using Ethernet hub); Bus logical topology)‏
Cable: Fiber Optic

14. Multiple Ethernet Hubs
Why using multiple Ethernet Hubs (multiple segments)?
If one hub is down, the other hub(s) still works → NO SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE IN THE HUB

15. Multiple Ethernet Hubs
How to connect multiple Ethernet Hubs?
Coaxial cable
Crossover cable (UTP, two pairs, CAT3 or higher): reversing the sending and receiving pairs on the end of the cable (see page 105, figure 6.15)‏
One end of a cable is connected to the regular port, the other end is connected to the regular port at the other hub
Crossover Port (also called Crossover, Uplink, In-port, Out-port):
Use regular cable, NOT crossover cable
One end of the regular cable (NOT crossover cable) is connected to the Crossover Port, the other end is connected to the regular port at the other hub
Autosensing Port (a regular port that can turn to be Crossover Port automatically whenever necessary)‏
One end of a regular cable is connected to the Autosensing Port, the other end is connected to the regular port at the other hub

16. Connecting Ethernet Segments

17. Connecting Ethernet Segments
The coaxial cable connector on Ethernet hub can also be used to connect the hub with the “older” Ethernet bus (see page 105 figure 6.14)‏

19. 10BaseT: Segment and Ethernet Hub
In a BUS physical topology, a SEGMENT is simply a BUS cable
In a STAR physical topology, a SEGMENT is a HUB (Ethernet Hub)
See Figure 6.17 and Figure 6.18
Why are there THREE segments in these figures?
What Ethernet technology is used in Segment A (“Old” or “New” Ethernet)?
What Ethernet technology is used in Segment B (“Old” or “New” Ethernet)?
What Ethernet technology is used in Segment C (“Old” or “New” Ethernet)?

21. High Speed Ethernet > 10 Mbps Examples: Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet: 1000 Mbps
10 Gigabit Ethernet: 10,000 Mbps

22. Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps Also known as 100Base Ethernet Includes:
100BaseTX
100BaseT4
100BaseFX

23. 100BaseTX versus 100BaseT4 versus 100BaseFX
Similarities:
Star-Bus technology,
CSMA/CD,
Ethernet frame,
100 Mbps
Baseband
Differences:
100BaseTX uses UTP cable, two pairs, CAT5 or higher, maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 100 meters
100BaseT4 uses UTP cable, four pairs, CAT3 or higher, maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 100 meters
100BaseFX uses fiber optic cable, maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 2000 meters, no EMI, no wire tap (more secured)

25. Gigabit Ethernet 1000BaseX 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps)‏
The most popular Gigabit Ethernet:
1000BaseT:
Four pairs of CAT5 or better UTP cable
Maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 100 meters
1000BaseF:
Fiber optic cables
Maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: meters

27. 10/100BaseT Devices 10/100BaseT Devices:
Networking devices (e.g., NIC, hub, UTP cable) that can work in BOTH 10BaseT and 100BaseT networks
What are 10/100/1000BaseT Devices?
What is 10/100/1000BaseT Switch?
What is 10/100/1000BaseT NIC?

29. Multi_speed Switch
Multi-speed switch:

30. Switched Ethernet Multi-speed Ethernet
To break a network into multiple segments that have different data transmission speed (throughputs)‏
High-traffic segment (e.g., backbone) has high data transmission speed technology,
low-traffic segment has low data transmission speed technology,
in order not to waste resources (max performance & min cost)
Backbone
A segment that connects other segments‏

31. Switched Ethernet
10Base
(10 Mbps)
segment
100Base
(100 Mbps)‏
segment

33. Full-Duplex Ethernet Normally, Ethernet works in HALF-DUPLEX mode:
One frame can travel over the network at any time
Ethernet switch and Ethernet NICs that can run in Full-Duplex mode enable Ethernet network to run in a FULL-DUPLEX mode
At any time, multiple computers can send frames to the network (in other words, multiple frames can travel over the network at any time)‏
By running in a Full-Duplex mode, the network operates more efficiently by minimizing the waiting time and removing the possibility of collision
By running in a Full Duplex mode, the data transmission rate can be twice as fast as the one in a Half Duplex mode

34. Switch (Bridge) to Enable Full Duplex Mode
Collision Domain 1
Collision Domain 2
No Collision
Frame For Computer 2
Frame For Computer 1
Computer 1
Computer 2
Bridge

35. Full-Duplex Switch 10/100BaseT switch:
Check the “Features” of this switch. One of them indicates that this switch can run at 10, 20, 100, 200 Mbps. Explain how this 10/100BaseT switch can run at 20 and 200 Mbps

36. Assignment 1: 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Compare the competing varieties of 10 Gigabit Ethernet:
Task 1: Find at least 3 examples of fiber optic-based 10 Gigabit Ethernet and report their characteristics (the type of fiber optic used, the maximum length of cable)
Task 2: Find at least 2 examples of copper-based 10 Gigabit Ethernet and report their characteristics (the type of copper cable used, the maximum length of cable)

37. Assignment 1: 10 Gigabit Ethernet
How to submit?
Type your report (hand written report WILL NOT be accepted/grade)
You have to submit your report in the beginning of the class on Monday, September 21, 2009