1. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 1 Complex Monitoring of the Bulgarian Part of the Black Sea Christo Slabakov and Delcho Solakov Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanology

2. 2 I. INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENTS The International engagements of Bulgaria referring the Black Sea involve the following fundamental documents: The International engagements of Bulgaria referring the Black Sea involve the following fundamental documents: International Convention for Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution, 1994 International Convention for Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution, 1994 Declaration for Protection of the Black Sea, signed by the Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Odessa, Ukraine, 1993 Declaration for Protection of the Black Sea, signed by the Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Odessa, Ukraine, 1993 Strategy Plan for Recovery and Protection of the Black Sea, signed at the Conference of the Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Istanbul, Turkey, 1996 Strategy Plan for Recovery and Protection of the Black Sea, signed at the Conference of the Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Istanbul, Turkey, 1996 MARPOL Convention 43/78 MARPOL Convention 43/78 United Nations Convention of Sea Law, 1982 United Nations Convention of Sea Law, 1982 Law of Sea, Bulgaria, 2000 Law of Sea, Bulgaria, 2000

3. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 3 II. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME FOR COMPLEX MONITORING OF THE BULGARIAN PART OF THE BLACK SEA To set up a coordinated, scientifically based system for complex monitoring and prediction of the Black Sea variables in regional and national scale; To set up a coordinated, scientifically based system for complex monitoring and prediction of the Black Sea variables in regional and national scale; To ensure long-term and regular observations on the physical, chemical and biological parameters and states of the marine environment and biota; To ensure long-term and regular observations on the physical, chemical and biological parameters and states of the marine environment and biota; To provide relevant information to the governmental institutions for making decisions referring protection and recovery activities for the sustainable development of the Black Sea as an unique water basin. To provide relevant information to the governmental institutions for making decisions referring protection and recovery activities for the sustainable development of the Black Sea as an unique water basin.

4. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 4 III. MONITORING NETWORK, PARAMETERS FOR OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS On the basis of the existing administrative and institutional networks and programmes it is aimed to set up and develop an integrated national system for monitoring and data provision to the maritime organisations for the purpose of their best functioning, environmental protection, rational use of marine resources, development of the recreational and socio- economic infrastructure of the Bulgarian Black Sea Region. On the basis of the existing administrative and institutional networks and programmes it is aimed to set up and develop an integrated national system for monitoring and data provision to the maritime organisations for the purpose of their best functioning, environmental protection, rational use of marine resources, development of the recreational and socio- economic infrastructure of the Bulgarian Black Sea Region.

5. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 5 IV. NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL MONITORING (NSEM) SUBSYSTEM WATERS – MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND WATERS Sea water qualities are monitored at 26 stations located on the coast and at the mouths of the rivers flowing into the Black Sea. Sea water qualities are monitored at 26 stations located on the coast and at the mouths of the rivers flowing into the Black Sea. In 1998 the NSEM was updated. The number of observing stations was reduced and new ones for ecological assessment of the river system in each river basin were included. The updated monitoring stations with their frequency of sampling and scheme of analysis are shown on Fig 1 together with a map of location. The schemes of analysis depending on the type of monitoring station are shown in Table 1. In 1998 the NSEM was updated. The number of observing stations was reduced and new ones for ecological assessment of the river system in each river basin were included. The updated monitoring stations with their frequency of sampling and scheme of analysis are shown on Fig 1 together with a map of location. The schemes of analysis depending on the type of monitoring station are shown in Table 1.

6. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 6

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8. 8 V. MONITORING OF PETROL CARBOHYDRATES – MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, VARNA Coastal stations: Coastal stations: Krapets – Fishing base Krapets – Fishing base Kavarna – Breakwater Kavarna – Breakwater Varna – Fishing Bridge Varna – Fishing Bridge Nessebar – Breakwater Nessebar – Breakwater Bourgas – the Bridge Bourgas – the Bridge Tsarevo – Breakwater Tsarevo – Breakwater

9. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 9

10. 10 ParametersStationsFrequency of sampling Meteorological and Hydrophysical Parameters Meteorological parameters Sea state Synoptic stations: Shabla, Kaliakra, Varna, Emine, Bourgas, Ahtopol 4 times in 24 hours Temperature and salinity of sea water Synoptic stations: Shabla, Varna, Bourgas From 1 to 4 times a day Sea levelShabla, Kavarna, Balchik, Varna, Varna Lake, Nesebar, Bourgas Once in 24 hours Radiochemical data Total radioactive content in atmospheric precipitation - atmospheric fall-out Varna, BourgasDaily Total -radioactivity of sea water Shabla, Varna, BourgasMonthly Radionucleides in sea water and representative biomonitors after the Regional Coordination Programme of IAEA for the Black Sea Shabla, Varna and Shkorpilovtsi Twice a year

11. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 11 VI. HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA WATER PERFORMED BY THE HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE OF THE NAVY ParametersStations Frequency of sampling Hydrophysical 1. Air temperature According to the scheme on Fig. 4 Seasonal 2. Wind velocity and direction 3. Temperature and salinity 4.Turbidity Hydrochemical 5. Dissolved oxygen According to the scheme on Fig. 4 Seasonal 5.pH

12. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 12 During last 4 years.

13. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 13 VII. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA PERFORMED BY THE INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY – BAS

14. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 14

15. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 15 ParametersStations Frequency of sampling Hydrophysical 1. 1. Air temperature According to the scheme on Fig. 5 Seasonal 2. 2. Wind velocity and direction 3. 3. Sea water temperature and salinity 4 Current speed and direction 5. 5.Transperency 6. 6. Sound velocity in sea water 7. 7. Wind wave 8. 8. Sea level Hydrochemical 9. 9. Dissolved oxygen According to the scheme on Fig. 5 Seasonal 10.pH 11. Hydrogen sulfide 12. Heavy metals in water and sediments 13. Chl. A 14. P, nitite, nitrate and amonia N 15. Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni Hydrobiologycal 16.Phytoplancton According to the scheme on Fig. 5 Seasonal 17.Zooplancton 18.Benthos 19.Ichtiofauna

16. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 16 VIII. MONITORING PERFORMED BY THE INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE – VARNA Regions of observation: Regions of observation: profiles from the coast to 30 miles in front of: profiles from the coast to 30 miles in front of: cape Galata – 5 stations cape Galata – 5 stations cape Emine – 5 stations cape Emine – 5 stations bays: bays: the Bay of Varna – 10 stations the Bay of Varna – 10 stations the Bay of Bourgas – 10 stations the Bay of Bourgas – 10 stations lakes: lakes: the Lake of Varna – 4 stations the Lake of Varna – 4 stations the Lake of Beloslav – 2 stations the Lake of Beloslav – 2 stations

17. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 17 ParametersStations Frequency of observations Hydrophysical Sea water temperature According to the scheme on Fig. 6 Seasonal Salinity Turbidity Density Hydrochemical Dissolved oxygen According to the scheme on Fig. 6 Seasonal Nitrites Nitrates Oxidisability Hydrobiological Phytoplankton Seasonal Bacterioplankton Zooplankton Benthos Ichtiofauna

18. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 18

19. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 19 IX. BEACH MONITORING OF SWIMMING AREAS BY THE HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIC INSTITUTES – DOBRICH, VARNA, BOURGAS Observed parameters and sampling frequency (Table 6): Sampling frequency is once in a month during May, June and September, and twice in a month during July and August (flourishing tourist season). Methods used are standard, corresponding to ASTM, UNEP, WHO, IAEA and IOC. Observed parameters and sampling frequency (Table 6): Sampling frequency is once in a month during May, June and September, and twice in a month during July and August (flourishing tourist season). Methods used are standard, corresponding to ASTM, UNEP, WHO, IAEA and IOC.

20. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 20 No.ParametersPatternFrequency 1.E-colly Sea water 7 times, warm season 2. Faecal streptococci Sea water 7 times, warm season 3. Physical parameters: Air temperature Water temperature Colour, turbidity Sea water 7 times, warm season 4. Oil spills Sea water 7 times, warm season 5. Chemical analisis: pH, BTC, phenols Sea water 7 times, warm season 6.Waste Sea water 7 times, warm season 7. Visual observations: Scum/foam, weeds Beaches and sea water 7 times, warm season

21. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 21 X. MONITORING OF THE LANDSLIDE AND ABRASIVE PROCESSES IN THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE PERFOPMED BY GEOZASHTITA, LTD. GEOZASHTITA, Ltd. – Varna carries out regular regime observations on the dynamics of landslide and abrasive processes, surveys, design and construction of geoprotection facilities on the territory of Varna, Dobrich and Bourgas regions (Fig. 7). The main sites for observation and protection are built-up areas, resorts and the adjacent infrastructure along the coast where the unfavourable geodynamic processes are the most characteristic features. GEOZASHTITA, Ltd. – Varna carries out regular regime observations on the dynamics of landslide and abrasive processes, surveys, design and construction of geoprotection facilities on the territory of Varna, Dobrich and Bourgas regions (Fig. 7). The main sites for observation and protection are built-up areas, resorts and the adjacent infrastructure along the coast where the unfavourable geodynamic processes are the most characteristic features.

22. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 22

23. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 23 XI. COMPLEX MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA The scheme of the stations for complex monitoring of the Black Sea is shown on Fig. 8. It embraces the monitoring networks of: The scheme of the stations for complex monitoring of the Black Sea is shown on Fig. 8. It embraces the monitoring networks of: Ministry of Environment and Waters – National Centre of Environment and Sustainable Development Ministry of Environment and Waters – National Centre of Environment and Sustainable Development Institute of Water Transport – Varna Institute of Water Transport – Varna National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Hydrographic Service – Bulgarian Navy Hydrographic Service – Bulgarian Navy Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – Varna Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – Varna Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – Dobric Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – Dobric Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – Bourgas Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – Bourgas Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture – Varna Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture – Varna Geozashtita, Ltd. – Varna Geozashtita, Ltd. – Varna

24. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 24

25. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 25 XI.1. COORDINATION OF MONITORING ACTIVITIES In national scale the coordination of the complex monitoring is performed by the Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In national scale the coordination of the complex monitoring is performed by the Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

26. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 26 XI.2. RULES FOR USE AND EXCHANGE OF MONITORING DATA All data acquired by monitoring should be in format set up by IOC – UNESCO and IODE All data acquired by monitoring should be in format set up by IOC – UNESCO and IODE In national plan the use and exchange of data follows the respective rules. In national plan the use and exchange of data follows the respective rules.

27. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 27 XIII. INTEGRATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR NATIONAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA WITH THE REGIONAL SYSTEM FOR REMOTE CONTROL The development of the system for national complex monitoring of the Black Sea could be implemented only within the frame of an international programme with provision of contemporary equipment and technologies. The development of the system for national complex monitoring of the Black Sea could be implemented only within the frame of an international programme with provision of contemporary equipment and technologies.

28. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 28 XIV. END-USERS Ministries and other governmental organisations Ministries and other governmental organisations Council of Ministers Council of Ministers Ministry of Environment and Waters Ministry of Environment and Waters Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Trade Ministry of Trade Ministry of Transport and Communication Ministry of Transport and Communication Ministry of Territorial Development and Public Works Ministry of Territorial Development and Public Works Companies and firms related with the Black Sea and its resources Companies and firms related with the Black Sea and its resources Bulgarian Navy – Varna Bulgarian Navy – Varna Solvey-Sody-Devnya Solvey-Sody-Devnya Thermal Power Station – Varna Thermal Power Station – Varna Black Sea Fishing Co. –Bourgas Black Sea Fishing Co. –Bourgas Port of Varna Port of Varna Port of Bourgas Port of Bourgas Petreko Carl Petreko Carl Geozashtita, Ltd. –Varna Geozashtita, Ltd. –Varna Coastal municipalities Coastal municipalities Shabla Shabla Kavarna Kavarna Balchik Balchik Varna Varna Dolni Chiflik Dolni Chiflik Byala Byala Obzor Obzor Nessabar Nessabar Pomorie Pomorie Bourgas Bourgas Sosopol Sosopol Primorsko Primorsko Tsarevo Tsarevo

29. Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg 29 Thank you for attention Thank you for attention dsolakov@io-bas.bg 2005© Delcho Solakov Varna, Bulgaria