1. 1 Technical Search Specialist Course Module 5 Unit 2: Global Positioning System (GPS)

2. 2 Terminal Objective Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to Operate the Garmin GPSMAP 60 Csx

3. 3 Enabling Objectives Describe the basic segments and principles of the global positioning satellite (GPS) system Explain waypoints Identify and describe the errors, concerns and considerations related to GPS Demonstrate the use of the Garmin GPSMAP 60 Csx

4. 4 II. Introduction to GPS

5. 5 The Global Positioning System (GPS) A worldwide radio navigation system –A constellation of 24 orbital satellites –Funded by DoD –Originally made for military to launch submarine based missiles more accurately

6. 6 Four Primary Functions of GPS GPS provides: Position and coordinates The distance and direction between any two waypoints, or a position and a waypoint Travel progress reports Accurate time measurement

7. 7 So why do you need GPS? During a mission you Need to know where you are Need to know where are you going Need to find your way back

8. 8 GPS Segments Satellite segment Control segment User segment

9. 9 Control Segment Space Segment User Segment Monitor Stations Ground Antennas Master Station Satellite Segment

10. 10 GPS Monitor Stations Hawaii Ascension Island Diego Garcia Kwajalein Colorado Springs

11. Kwajalein Atoll US Space Command Hawaii Ascension Island Diego Garcia Cape Canaveral Ground AntennaMaster Control StationMonitor Station GPS Monitor Stations

12. 12 User Segment Military Civilian

13. 13 III. GPS Cautions and Considerations

14. 14 Cautions/Considerations Satellite geometry Overhead view clear –Tall buildings –Satellite dishes –Microwaves –Heavy trees/environmental Multipath Atmospheric effects

15. 15 Errors Using GPS Problems at the satellite –Atomic clocks –Ephemeris errors Intentional Errors –"Selective Availability" –Military receivers use a decryption key to remove the SA errors

16. 16 Errors Using GPS (continued) On May 1, 2000 Selective Availability was turned off –However,can be turned on at any time by government

17. 17 Gotchas Using GPS Common Map Datums GPS Almanac Updates –Control segment orbital corrections need to be downloaded Moving the GPS while turned off –If moved more than 300 miles need to either Re-Initialize Allow unit time to self-update (can take up to 20 minutes)

18. 18 Gotchas Using GPS (continued) Parallel versus Single Channel Receivers –Single Channel receive data one satellite at a time Loss of satellite signal - unit must re-acquire satellite lock –Parallel Channel receivers can receive from multiple satellites simultaneously Loss of signal from any one or two satellites will not cause a loss of satellite lock

19. 19 Gotchas Using GPS (continued) Not allowing enough time for triangulation No standard unit for US&R teams

20. 20 Conclusions Remember … GPS is not a compass GPS tells you the direction you are moving Carry extra batteries Water resistant is better Antenna considerations

21. 21 Understand GPS unit controls. Describe GPS unit pages. Clear out track logs, routes, & waypoints. Set up a GPS unit. Make a track log, create waypoints, & project waypoints. Navigate to waypoints, addresses, & points of interest using the Find function. Use the Track Back feature. Create a route. Enabling Objectives

22. 22 GPSV60C60Cx/60CSxRino 530 Waypoints 500 10 Proximity 10 Closest 1,000 10 Proximity 10 Closest 1,000 10 Proximity 10 Closest 500 Track 2000 10 Saved 10,000 20 Saved / 250 Each 10,000 20 Saved / 500 Each 10,000 20 Saved / 250 Each Routes 20 50 pts each 50 250 pts each 50 250 pts each 50 250 pts each Acquisition Times Warm: 15 s Cold: 45 s Locate: 5 m Warm: 15 s Cold: 45 s Locate: 5 m Warm: 1 s Cold: 38 s Locate: 45 s Warm: 15 s Cold: 45 s Locate: 5 m Memory 19MB FIXED 56MB FIXED 64MB EXPANDABLE 56MB FIXED Garmin GPSMAP 60Cx Features

23. 23 The GPSMAP Key Layout POWER Key IN/OUT Zoom Keys FIND/MOB Key MARK Key QUIT Key ROCKER Key PAGE/COMPASS Key MENU Key ENTR Key

24. 24 Two AA batteries, USB cable, 12v DC adapter Battery Life: 18 hours Alkaline batteries lose capacity in low temps Lithium batteries in below freezing temperatures Extensive use of backlighting, electronic compass, and audible tones significantly reduce battery life Memory Card Location Battery Compartment Power Considerations

25. 25 Power On the GPS Press and hold the Power key Title screen appears Satellite status page Title ScreenSatellite Status

26. 26 Satellite Status Page Horizon 45º from the horizon Heading bug – travel direction Satellite signal strength Searching / Acquiring 2D Fix (3 Satellites) 3D Fix (4+ Satellites)

27. 27 Main Pages Cycle through pages using PAGE or QUIT SatelliteTripMapCompassAltimeter (CSx Model) Main Menu

28. 28 Main Menu Press MENU button twice for Main Menu 2 X

29. 29 Main Menu GPSmap 60CSGPSmap 60CSx Searching / Acquiring 2D Fix (3 Satellites) 3D Fix (4+ Satellites) Battery Power / Level Auxiliary Power Backlight Usage USB Cable Connection Electronic Compass On

30. 30 Adjusting Screen Settings To minimize battery drain, limit or turn off backlight: Press and quickly release the POWER button Press up on ROCKER to increase, down to decrease Press ENTER or QUIT to close Backlight adjustment window

31. 31 System Setup Pages

32. 32 System Setup Page Press MENU twice for Main Menu, select SETUP and press ENTER Important Setup Pages: System Display Time Units Heading Calibration

33. 33 SETUP: System GPS Normal - for everyday use Demo - for indoor training WAAS Enabled Battery Type Alkaline NiMH Proximity Alarms On

34. 34 SETUP: Display Display Mode Auto – Switch between Day and Night modes at sunrise and sunset. Backlight Timeout On continuous or timed. Setting ignored if external power is used. Backlight Level Backlight setting will increase or decrease battery life

35. 35 SETUP: Time Time Format Set to 24 hour format Time Zone Time zone for the area of operations UTC Offset Changes with Time Zone Daylight Savings Time Set to Auto

36. 36 SETUP: Units Position Format USNG – United States National Grid (DHS Standard) MGRS – Military Grid Reference System hdddºmm.mmm Map Datum WGS 84 NAD27 CONUS – USGS Maps

37. 37 SETUP: Heading North Reference – Specifies the type or north reference used to calculate your heading Set to True

38. 38 Tracks

39. 39 Track Log Creates an electronic breadcrumb trail or track log while you travel Each point in the track contains information on time, location, elevation and depth

40. 40 Track Log To Access Track Logs: MENU button twice for the Main Menu screen Select TRACKS and press Enter

41. 41 Track Log On/Off toggle Percentage of memory used List of saved Tracks Remaining available logs

42. 42 Track Log : Clearing To clear the track log: Highlight Clear and press Enter Confirmation message appears – Press Yes

43. 43 Track Log : Set Up To set up a track log: Highlight Setup and press Enter to open the Track Log Set Up Page Data Card Option

44. 44 Track Log : TracBack To use the TracBack feature: With Saved Tracks Page for the track or the Track Log open, highlight TracBack and press Enter Once the map is displayed, use the Rocker to move the pointer to a point on the map and press Enter Select Follow Road or Follow Track Follow the direction arrow To exit, press Menu then Stop Navigation

45. 45 Waypoints

46. 46 Waypoints Waypoints are locations you record and store in your GPS Waypoints created in 3 ways: Press the MARK key while at a location Create a waypoint on the map page Enter the coordinates for a waypoint manually

47. 47 Waypoints: Circle of Error X

48. 48 Waypoints: Available Map Symbols GPSmap 60C Display

49. 49 Waypoints: Common Abbreviations PX- Picture (note direction of photo) HAZ- Hazards H-1- Helispot 1 Hosp- Hospital Str- Structure Sz- Safety Zone POA- Point of Arrival POD- Point of Departure BoO- Base of Operations Fwd BOO- Forward Base of operations Stg- Staging Utl- Utilities Apt- Apartment Air- Airport

50. 50 Waypoints: Mark Current Location To mark your current location: Press and hold the MARK key until the Mark Waypoint page appears To accept the waypoint with the default information highlight OK and press Enter Icon Waypoint Name Coordinate Notes

51. 51 Waypoints: Using The Map Page To mark a location on the map page: On the map page, use the Rocker to move the arrow to the location to mark as a waypoint Press and quickly release the Enter key to capture the location and open the information page Highlight OK and press Enter to save Map Pointer Mode Original Location New Location

52. 52 Waypoints: Entering Coordinates To mark a location with known coordinates: Press and hold the MARK key until the Mark Waypoint page appears Use the ROCKER to highlight the Location field. Edit the coordinate with your known coordinate. Highlight OK and press Enter to save On-screen Keypad Edit The Coordinate Change Letters Navigate Left / Right

53. 53 Waypoints: Entering Coordinates Enter the following known coordinate: 14S QB 12076 29862 Label waypoint as: HAZARD On-screen Keypad Edit The Coordinate Change Letters Navigate Left / Right

54. 54 Useful for creating no-go zones for personnel –HAZMAT –Bio-Chem Areas –Safety Officer Designated Areas Proximity waypoints are also supported with the beep alarm Waypoints: Proximity Alarm

55. 55 Waypoints: Proximity Alarm To define an alarm circle around a waypoint: From the Main Menu select Proximity, press Enter Highlight an empty line and press Enter Select a waypoint from the list and Enter Highlight Use and press Enter Use the Rocker to adjust the proximity radius Turn Alarm On / Off Empty Line Proximity Radius

56. 56 Waypoints: Proximity Alarm Create a Proximity Alarm: Select the HAZARD waypoint and assign it as a proximity alarm Turn Alarm On / Off Empty Line Proximity Radius

57. 57 Waypoints: Averaging Location To average a new waypoint over time to produce a more accurate location: From the Waypoint Page, press Menu Select Average Location and press Enter Press Save when accuracy measurement stops

58. 58 Waypoints: Sight N Go Allows you to navigate to an object within your sight by point the unit at it. To use: Press MENU to open the Compass Options Menu Highlight Sight N Go and press ENTER The compass ring with pointer is in-line with the two sighting marks on the case Tic at the top of the display bezel Top arrow of the ROCKER pad

59. 59 Waypoints: Sight N Go (contd) Hold the unit at eye level and line up the two sighting marks with the distant object Press ENTER to lock the direction Highlight Set Course and press ENTER Travel to your destination using the pointer

60. 60 Waypoints: Projecting Create a new waypoint by projecting the distance and bearing from current location to a new location. To use: Sight N Go to lock direction and press ENTER Highlight Project Waypoint and press ENTER Enter distance, highlight Go To and press ENTER

61. 61 Compass

62. 62 Compass: Compass Navigation During active navigation, the Compass Page guides you to your destination with a graphic compass display The Compass ring moves to indicate North orientation Bearing pointer Compass Page

63. 63 Compass: Bearing vs. Course You can choose the Bearing Pointer or Course Pointer for guidance Toggle from Bearing/Course in the Compass Options Menu The course pointer indicates your course of travel and the distance you drift off course Course PointerBearing Pointer The bearing pointer indicates the direction to your destination

64. 64 Compass: Bearing vs. Course The bearing pointer always indicates the direction to your destination from your current location

65. 65 Compass: Bearing vs. Course The course pointer indicates your course of travel from your original location and the distance off course

66. 66 Compass: Electronic Press and hold the PAGE key to turn the electronic compass ON or OFF Compass icon appears at the top of the screen when ON When compass is not needed, turn OFF to conserve battery life Compass icon indicates electronic compass is ON

67. 67 Routes

68. 68 Routes Route navigation allows you to create a sequence of intermediate waypoints that lead to your final destination The GPSmap 60Cx allows 50 routes with up to 250 points each

69. 69 Routes: Creating A Route To create a route: From the Main Menu, select Routes, press Enter Highlight the New button and press Enter Highlight and press Enter Select a waypoint, city, exit and select Use Repeat to complete the route Highlight Navigate and press Enter

70. 70 Planning a Navigation Route Start = Waypoints

71. 71 Yellow stars: where you want to go. Green stars: where the GPS receiver may take you. Blue circles: the potential circle of GPS error at each waypoint. How A Receiver Sees Your Route

72. 72 Trip Page

73. 73 Resetting the Trip Info Page To reset the Trip Information Page: Press PAGE or QUIT to display the Trip page Press MENU button once Highlight Reset… and press ENTER

74. 74 Find Functions

75. 75 Find Waypoint Options Cities Options Use the FIND function to search for waypoints, cities, exits, or saved geocache points Additional options with loaded BlueChart and MapSource data.

76. 76 Find: Saved Waypoints To find a waypoint: From the Find Menu, highlight Waypoints and press ENTER Use the ROCKER to select a waypoint and press ENTER

77. 77 Find: Cities To find a city: From the Find Menu, highlight Cities and press ENTER. A list of cities near your current location are displayed. Select a city and press ENTER. If the city is not listed, press MENU for additional search options.

78. 78 Find: Interstate Exit Information To find an interstate exit: From the Find Menu, highlight Exits and press ENTER. A list of exits near your current location are displayed. Select an exit and press ENTER. Exit information, services, direction to service

79. 79 Find: Street Address To find an address: From the Find Menu, highlight Addresses and press ENTER. Enter the address information until the address is displayed in the Matches section.

80. 80 Find: Intersection To find an intersection: From the Find Menu, highlight Intersect… and press ENTER. Enter the street names until the intersections are displayed in the Matches section.

81. 81 Find: Point Of Interest To find an intersection: From the Find Menu, highlight All POI and press ENTER. POI near your location are displayed. Narrow the search by pressing MENU or select the POI and press ENTER Options Menu

82. 82 Conclusions Carry extra batteries Minimize user error and increase accuracy by keeping GPS away from body Always carry a paper map as a backup Unless otherwise directed, DHS standard: DATUM: WGS 84 FORMAT: USNG or MGRS Match the map datum to the GPS datum

83. 83 V. Practical Exercise

84. 84 VI. Module Summary and Evaluation

85. 85 Enabling Objectives Describe the basic segments and principles of the global positioning satellite (GPS) system Explain waypoints Identify and describe the errors, concerns and considerations related to GPS Demonstrate the use of the Garmin GPS V

86. 86 Questions?