1. Mansel A Nelson Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Visual Inspections and Occupants Role and Education of Occupants

2. Presentation A Balancing Act Sensitivities The 3 Ls Visual Inspection (Look) Source Reduction Ventilation Air Cleaning Special Needs www.nau.edu/eeop

3. Balancing Act nau.edu/iaqtc

4. Sensitivities Privacy Human Subjects Be careful about health data Some tribes require IRBs Watch the gossip nau.edu/iaqtc

5. Three Ls Look Listen to Occupants Learn and Teach nau.edu/iaqtc

6. Visual Inspection Purpose: Get Lay of the land of house and how it is operated Basic building characteristics Determining what measurements to make and where Look for visual clues Provides the foundation to interpret measurements

7. Building Characteristics Vital Organs Foundation Wall construction Attic General Condition Safety hazards Insulation Sealing Windows & Doors 7

8. Floor Plan / Site Plan Helps to diagram the layout of the structure and Components Identify Rooms Reference for later recall Location of equipment (e.g. HVAC) Location of observed problems Useful for annotating where measurements are made Basis for calculations (area, volume) 8

9. Exterior Walk Around Orientation Exterior dimensions Construction type, obvious additions Ground Contact – Where & How house interfaces with ground Site Drainage General Condition – State of maintenance, obvious need for repairs Signs of water damage or leakage Type and condition of roofing Shading Record observations with Completed Form / Notes Photos / noted in form Floor Plan (one each occupied floor)

10. Building Envelope Walls Floors and Basements Ceilings and Attics Doors and Windows Overall Heat Loss Air Leakage 10

11. Walls Type of construction Insulation Thickness / R value Type Penetrations and sealing

12. Windows and doors Inventory Type Thermal breaks Exposure U rating Sealing

13. Floors & Ceilings Type Finish Insulation Penetrations & Sealing

14. Basement / Crawlspace Inspection Determine insulation level & placement Conditioned ? Directly Indirectly Ducts and vents Joints and Penetrations To Soil To Living Area Drainage Sealing Traps Venting Vapor Barrier Indication of water/water damage

15. Slab inspection Presence of exterior (footer) insulation Interior joints penetrations Sealing Smoke test

16. Attic Inspection Type Presence of Knee walls / Inaccessible voids Attached garages Exhaust vents Attic Venting Natural vents Attic fans Sealed / Unvented Chases Sealing /Barriers to Living Space Access Door seals Penetrations Insulation Location, Type and R value Radiant barrier Gaps and Voids Evidence of moisture / moisture damage

17. Attached Garage Smoke test at door to living area Air barrier Storage Water heater / Appliances

18. HVAC & Duct Systems Inspection Heating Cooling Ductwork Portable Devices Thermostats Duct Type and Characteristics Duct Leakage Ductwork design, installation, sealing Filter location, type, condition System Inspection Cleanliness Condensate pan and drainage 18

19. Inspect for Moisture Problems Rain Water Leaks Flooding Damp Soil High Water Table Plumbing Leaks Sewage Backups Cold Surface Condensation Cooling Systems

20. Fire & Combustion Safety Check for presence and operability of: Smoke Detector / Alarm CO monitor / Alarm Electrical Open boxes Damaged wiring Overloaded circuits Clear exits Unsafe storage of flammables Fireproof clearance around combustion devices 20

21. Maintain stoves and flues EPA Certified stoves preferred Consider switching to propane

22. Lighting and Appliances Inventory Energy Star Other fixtures and lamps Appliances 22

23. Occupant Roles and Issues Operate the home systems Maintain the home Cleaning the home Storage of chemicals in the home Activities in the home Listen to the Occupant Teach the Occupant

24. 1. Source Control 2. Ventilation 3. Air Cleaning Source Control becomes even more important as you tighten a home through weatherization activities.

25. TVs & Computers Personal Care/Cosmetics Cleaning Products & Pesticides Flooring Furniture Carpeting Furniture Automobile Radon Lead Asbestos

27. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) No risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke Following actions DO NOT protect nonsmokers Separating smokers from nonsmokers Cleaning the air Ventilating buildings

28. Cleaners and Air Fresheners Average US household uses 40 lbs. of chemicals each year Average household stores more than 60 hazardous products Many of the products are loaded with fragrances and petroleum-distilled chemicals (Volatile Organic Compounds / VOCs)

29. Identifying Safer Products Third-party certified Green Seal EcoLogo EPA s Design for the Environment

30. DO NOT clean the air They add more air pollutants

31. Read and follow label instructions IPM preferred

32. Vacuuming Vacuuming can re-suspend particles Consider HEPA Vacuum HEPA Fireplace Vacuum

33. Basic Principles 1. Source Control 2. Ventilation 3. Air Cleaning

34. Source Ventilation Excess moisture in bathroom can lead to mold

35. Gas stoves release low CO and lots of moisture Cooking releases moisture Make sure range hood vents to outside

36. Ventilation ASHRAEs residential ventilation standard (Standard 62.2) sets the minimum ventilation 7.5 cfm per occupant plus 3 cfm for every 100 square feet of occupied floor area

37. Basic Principles 1. Source Control 2. Ventilation 3. Air Cleaning Air cleaning is only considered after proper source control and ventilation.

38. Air Cleaners No Ozone Air Cleaners True HEPA Filter Activated Charcoal Size for the space

39. Special Needs Asthma and Allergies EPA Asthma Home Environment Checklist Young Children Elderly

40. Resources Help Yourself to a Healthy Home www.hud.gov/healthyhomes An Office Building Occupants Guide to Indoor Air Quality www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/occupgd.html Guide to Air Cleaners in the Home www.epa.gov/iaq/pdfs/aircleaners.pdf American Lung Association - Asthma www.lung.org/lung-disease/asthma/ American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) www.aiha.org/about- aiha/Press/ConsumerBrochures/Forms/AllItems.aspx

41. Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP) Mansel A. Nelson, Senior Program Coordinator Indoor Air Quality in Tribal Communities Northern Arizona University (NAU) nau.edu/iaqtc/ mansel.nelson@nau.edu Voice 928 523 1275 FAX 928 523 1280 PO Box 5768, Flagstaff, AZ 86011