1. Clinical experience with the video-assisted saphenectomy procedure for coronary bypass operations 
Sebastian Pagni, MD, Eduardo A Ulfe, BA, William D Montgomery, BS, Daniel J VanHimbergen, BA, Dana J Fisher, RN, Laman A Gray, MD, Paul A Spence, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 66, Issue 5, Pages (November 1998)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig 1
Working table with videoscopic saphenous harvest instruments. From top to bottom: subcutaneous tunneler, subcutaneous retractor, cotton tip dissector, endoscissors, endoclipapplier, and vein dissector.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig 2
Introduction of the endoscopic tunneling device under internal and external guidance.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

4. Fig 3 Videoscopic view of the vein path in the working channel.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

5. Fig 4 Vein separated from the adjacent fat with the endodissector.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

6. Fig 5
After lateral clipping, the side branch is transected. Note the venospasm produced by the cut.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

7. Fig 6
Cosmetic result obtained after a full-length harvest through three incisions.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

8. Fig 7
Saphenous vein harvest through upper calf incision (three graft lengths).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

9. Fig 8
Comparison of perioperative pain in video-assisted saphenectomy (VAS) versus control groups, up to 6 weeks follow-up.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

10. Fig 9
Incidence of vein injury correlated to the learning curve in the first 50 patients. (A) Comparison of perioperative pain in video-assisted saphenectomy (VAS) legs and open harvested legs up to 6 weeks follow-up. (B) incidence of vein injury correlated to the learning curve.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )