1. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 1 Network Schedule Predominant Network Scheduling Techniques: –Critical Path Method (CPM) –Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

2. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 2 Critical Path Method (CPM) CPM is a graphical network-based scheduling techniques that when applied intelligently and honestly can be an excellent tool in project management. The CPM uses a graphic presentation of the planned sequence of activities of a project.

3. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 3 CPM Network Diagrammatically illustrates all interdependencies of the projects activities. Used as a basis for: –Scheduling the total project time –Establishing priorities.

4. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 4 CPM Network Can be used for integrating: –Time –Cost –Available resources Establishes a critical path for efficient use of resources Determine how much time each of the project activities may be delayed without affecting the completion time of the project as determined in objective number one.

5. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 5 CPM Network Drawing Schemes Arrow Diagramming (Activity-On-Arrow, AOA). Node Diagramming (Activity-On-Node, AON)

6. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 6 Activity-On-Arrow Method Arrows: –Original Network Scheduling Technique –Uses a 2 nodes scheme –Diagram easily time scaled. Nodes: –Commonly called events –Mark points in time –Represent the beginning or end of the time available for a given activity. Links: –Represent activities

7. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 7 Activity-On-Arrow Method Dummy Activities: –Dummy Activity is a fictitious activity that has no time duration and requires no resource utilization. –Dummy activities used to develop correct representation. –Always break up a dummy activity at the tail, not at the head of the arrow.

8. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 8 Activity-On-Arrow Method –Remove redundant dummy activities –Use unique numbering system for events. –Allow for addition of future activities –Try to number events such that the i node is less than the j node.

9. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 9 Drawing AOA Networks Prerequisites: –List of all activities comprising the project –Order of precedence of each activity –Duration estimate of each activity

10. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 10 Drawing AOA Networks Basic Rules of Network Logic 1.Before an activity may begin, all activities preceding it must be completed. (Activities with no predecessors are self-actuating when the project begins.) 2.Arrows imply logical precedence only. Neither the length of the arrow not its compass direction on the drawing have any significance.

11. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 11 Example:

12. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 12 Bar Chart

13. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 13 Activity on arrow

14. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 14 Common Errors in AOA Dangling (AOA only). Looping. Redundancy (AOA only) Unique Activity Designation Possible of showing Improper Logic

15. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 15 Dangling (8) and (9) are left dangling as they are not the last activities.

16. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 16 Looping Looping error results when an endless loop is shown in the diagram and you can not progress beyond it.

17. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 17 Redundancy Dummy 2-4 is unnecessary as it is not needed for network analysis.

18. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 18 Unique Activity Designation

19. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 19 Possible of showing improper Logic

20. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 20 Possible of showing improper Logic

21. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 21 Possible of showing improper Logic

22. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 22 Possible of showing improper Logic

23. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 23 Disadvantages of Arrow Notation We may need to use dummy activities Project Management is done on activity basis Does not give all details of the activity on network diagram Arrow would be very long, and dont relate to time. The network is not time scaled

24. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 24 Disadvantages of Arrow Notation Dangling possible if B dos not have successors, B dangles.

25. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 25 Class work#1:

26. Spring 2008, King Saud University Arrow Diagramming Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani 26 Class work#1: A B F H C D E G I JK L M N