1. Water Resources Engineering (Intro)By
Dr.S.S.Rao
Mobile No ,

2. Water Resources Engineering (SBST-Syllabus)
Hydrological cycle and its components
Climate
Precipitation, Interception, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, Subsurface water and runoff
Surface water Hydrology
Basic concepts in surface water hydrology
Detailed analysis of precipitation, evapotranspiration
Stream flow measurements
Runoff, Hydrographs, Floods, Flood routing
Erosion and reservoir sedimentation
Groundwater Hydrology
Groundwater basics
Aquifer parameters
Porosity, Specific yield, Storage Coefficient, Coefficient of Permeability, Transmissivity, Specific Capacity and their practical significance
Darcy’s law
Derivation of aquifer parameters, Pumping test analysis
Quality of water and sea water intrusion
Numerical Techniques in groundwater hydrology
Groundwater management

3. Applications of water resources Engineering
Traditional Applications
Irrigation and Scheduling and Types of Irrigation
Drinking water
Power Generation
Water quality
Salinity
Pollution of water in relation to use
Salinity ingression in coastal aquifers
Modern Applications
Geographical information system (GIS)
Statistical & Computer applications in water resources
Special Applications
Rain water harvesting
Watershed Management
Artificial recharge techniques
Management
Planning of water resources & Basin Management
Reservoir planning
Linear and Dynamic programming in water planning

4. References Engineering Hydrology by K.Subramaniya
Hydrology by HM Ragunath
Water resources engineering Franzine, Lindsey
Engineering Hydrology by R.S.Varshney
Groundwater by HM Ragunath
Groundwater Hydrology by Todd
Groundwater Resources Evaluation by Walton
Manuals of standards and criteria of planning water resources projects- by economic commissions for Asia and far east, Bangkok

5. Why should we study water resources?

6. Water Scarcity in the World
2000 million people live under water stress by 2050(UNEP)
2 out of every 3 persons would live under water stress by 2025
By 2025, 1.8 billion people will live in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity
Pollution, climate, desertification, water scarcity are the major issues in the next century.
Wars would be fought for water
Already happening in our own country

7. How wet is our planet?
World Water Resources

8. Water availability in India Cubic km

9. Traditional Water Harvesting Marvels of India
Step wells in Gujarat
Rajasthan

11. Debate on Small vrs Big dams
Dams - Temples of modern India-Nehru

12. River-linking Project: Physiography of the Region
Too much rain
Too little rain
River-linking Project: Physiography of the Region
Major Diversion Routes

13. Design and construction of small dams
Watershed hydrology
Design and construction of small dams
Abutment
Body wall
Approach
Key wall
Toe
Apron
Side Wall

14. Irrigation and Scheduling and Types of Irrigation

15. Quality of water

16. Water contamination Leaky underground storage tanks
Poorly constructed landfills and septic systems
Improperly abandoned mines and wells
The overuse of fertilizers, pesticides, and road salts
Runoff from livestock confinement areas
Careless industrial and manufacturing organizations

17. Sea water intrusion
The process by which over-pumping from an aquifer creates a flow imbalance within an area, which results in salt water encroaching into and contaminating a freshwater supply.

18. Urban Water harvesting

19. Stream and pumping well relationship

20. Ground water in hard rocks

21. Ground water depletion and other issues
Groundwater depletion has emerged as one of the most formidable consequences of agricultural development in the West Indian state of Gujarat over the last five decades
The water levels in Mehsana are decreasing at an alarming rate of about 0.5 m in 1981 to 1.5 in 2000 to 3 m per year in 2015 and would further decrease to about 37 m in the next 15 years

22. Design of Ground Water Structures

23. Spacing of Wells

25. Ground water Management
Sustainability
Demand side management
Supply side management
Groundwater management in the river basin context:

26. Sustainability
Categorization of ground water development Based on Development in India
Category
Safe up to 70 %
Semi Critical %
Critical >90 %
Over Exploited >100 %

27. Demand-side management:
The second step is to put in place an effective system for regulating withdrawals to sustainable levels; such system may include:
Registration of users through a permit or license system;
Creating appropriate laws and regulatory mechanisms;
A system of pricing that aligns the incentives for groundwater use with the goal of sustainability;
Promoting conjunctive use;
Encouraging water saving devices

28. Supply-side management
The third aspect of managing groundwater is augmenting groundwater recharge through:
[a] mass-based rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge programs and activities;
[b] maximizing surface water use for recharge;
[c] improving incentives for water conservation and artificial recharge

29. Groundwater management in the river basin context:
Groundwater interventions often tend to be too ‘local’ in their approach. like surface water, the groundwater resource too needs to be planned and managed for maximum basin-level efficiency.

30. Numerical & Modelling Techniques

32. Inundation mapping in Meshvo & vatrak River (200 years)

34. Geographical Information System (GIS)

35. Computer Applications

37. END