1. Adapting to Climate Change The Water Sector Robert Morgan, Ph.D., P.E. Beaver Water District

2. Water Sector Cost for Adapting to Climate Change through 2050 Drinking Water: $325 - $692 Billion Wastewater: $ 123 – $252 Billion Total Water Sector:$ 448 - $944 Billion National Association of Clean Water Agencies, 2009

3. Warmer Temperature, more Evaporation Higher Absolute Humidity Frequent Extreme Precipitation Longer Dry Spells Changing Hydrologic Cycle

4. Shift toward Winter Drier Summers and Falls Seasonal Pattern of Precipitation National Academies Press

5. More Frequent Extreme Events National Academies Press Figure ES-1: Extreme Downpours Have Become More Frequent Across Much of the United States The biggest rainstorms and snowstorms are getting bigger Environment America

6. Water Availability National Academy of Sciences

7. Frequent and Longer Droughts

8. Impact Higher Temperature Water Increased Domestic Water Use Increased Irrigation Demand Water Quality Source Water Algae Taste and Odor Toxins Distribution System – Disinfection Byproducts Wastewater Water Quality Receiving Stream DO Power Costs

9. Impact Frequent Extreme Events Water Water Quality Turbidity and Sediment Phosphorus Load Treatability Flooding Service Outage Water Line Breaks Wastewater Infiltration/Inflow Hydraulic Load Flooding Sewer Line Breaks Other Stream Erosion Transportation Flooding Hydrologic Science

10. Impact Reduced Water Availability Water Adequacy of Source Increased Pumping Costs Interstate/city Conflicts Competing Uses Domestic/Agriculture/Industry/ Recreation/Ecosystem Potential Mandatory Conservation Wastewater Lack of Dilution in Receiving Stream Higher Cost of Treatment

11. Reduced Water Supply Increased Irrigation Demand Declining Groundwater Minimum Streamflow Increased Domestic Water Demand Potential Mandatory Water Conservation Environmental Flows Impact Longer Drought

12. Adapting to Climate Change Drinking Water Long-Term Source Development Source Water Protection Additional Treatment Facilities Short-Term Flood Proofing Identify Critical Infrastructure Risk Assessment

13. Adapting to Climate Change Wastewater Long-Term Flow Reduction Program Infiltration/inflow management Wet Weather Storage Increased Treatment Capacity Effluent cooling Reuse and Recycling Short-Term Identify Critical Infrastructure Risk assessment Flood proofing Illicit Discharge Detection Storm Sewer disconnects

14. No-Regrets Planning Total Water Management Consider the Resource Holistically Source, Treatment, Waste, Storm, Environmental Conservation, Reuse and Recycle Green Infrastructure Utilize Ecosystem Services Rain Gardens, Wetlands, Swales, Green Roofs, Rainwater Harvesting, Permeable Pavement Cooperative Emergency Response (ARWARN) Continue to Refine Research Adapting to Climate Change Public Policy

15. Summary More Frequent Floods but Reduced Water Availability Water Quality Issues Cost to Adapt is Significant Top-down and Bottom-up Strategies