1. 1 Chapter 6 Storage 41 slides

2. 2 Chapter 6 Objectives Describe the characteristics of magnetic disks Describe the characteristics of a hard disk Differentiate between floppy disks and Zip disks Describe the characteristics of optical disks Differentiate among various CD and DVD formats Identify the uses of tape Discuss PC Cards and the various types of miniature mobile storage media Identify uses of microfilm and microfiche

3. 3 Storage What is storage? p. 220 - 221 Fig. 6-1 Next Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage medium is physical material used for storage Also called secondary storage

4. 4 Storage What is capacity? p. 222 Next Kilobyte (KB)1 thousand Megabyte (MB)1 million Gigabyte (GB)1 billion Terabyte (TB)1 trillion Petabyte (PB)1 quadrillion Number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold Exabyte (EB)1 quintillion Zettabyte (ZB)1 sextillion Yottabyte (YB)1 septillion

5. 5 Writing Process of transferring items from memory to storage media Writing Storage What is a storage device? p. 222 Reading Process of transferring items from storage media to memory Reading Hardware that records and retrieves items to and from storage media Functions as source of input Creates output

6. 6 Storage What is access time? p. 222 Time it takes storage device to locate item on storage medium Time required to deliver item from memory to processor

7. 7 Magnetic Disks p. 222 Fig. 6-3 Next What are tracks and sectors? Formatting prepares disk for use and marks bad sectors as unusable Track is narrow recording band that forms full circle on disk Sector stores up to 512 bytes of data

8. 8 Perpendicular recording Magnetic Disks What is a hard disk? p. 223 Fig. 6-4 Next hard disk installed in system unit High-capacity storage Consists of several inflexible, circular platters that store items electronically Components enclosed in airtight, sealed case for protection Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Perpendicular Recording below Chapter 6 Longitudinal recording

9. 9 Magnetic Disks What are characteristics of a hard disk? p. 224 Fig. 6-5 Next Sample Hard Disk Characteristics Advertised capacity120 GB Platters3 Read/write heads6 Cylinders16,383 Bytes per second512 Sectors per track63 Sectors per drive234,441,648 Revolutions per minute7,200 Transfer rate133 MB per second Access time8.9 ms actual disk capacity

10. 10 Magnetic Disks How does a hard disk work? p. 224 Fig. 6-6 Next Step 1. Circuit board controls movement of head actuator and a small motor. Step 2. Small motor spins platters while computer is running. Step 3. When software requests a disk access, read/write heads determine current or new location of data. Step 4. Head actuator positions read/write head arms over correct location on platters to read or write data.

11. 11 Video: Install a New Hard Drive Speed up your computer with a new hard drive low quality (click to start) high quality (click to start) Next

12. 12 Magnetic Disks What is a cylinder? p. 225 Fig. 6-7 Next Vertical section of track through all platters Single movement of read/write head arms accesses all platters in cylinder platter read/write head platter sides cylinder track sector

13. 13 Magnetic Disks What is a head crash? p. 225 Fig. 6-8 Next clearance read/write head platter hair dust smoke Spinning creates cushion of air that floats read/write head above platter Occurs when read/write head touches platter surface A smoke particle, dust particle, or human hair could render drive unusable Clearance between head and platter is approximately two-millionths of an inch

14. 14 Magnetic Disks What is a miniature hard disk? p. 226 Fig. 6-9 Provide users with greater storage capacities than flash memory Some have a form factor of less than 1 inch Storage capacities range from 2 GB to 120 GB Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Miniature Hard Disks below Chapter 6

15. 15 Magnetic Disks What are external hard disks and removable hard disks? p. 226 Fig. 6-10 Next External hard diskfreestanding hard disk that connects to system unit Removable hard diskhard disk that you insert and remove from hard disk drive Used to back up or transfer files

16. 16 SCSI (SmallComputerSystemInterface) controller supports up to fifteen devices including hard disks, CD and DVD drives, tape drives, printers, scanners, network cards SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) controller supports up to fifteen devices including hard disks, CD and DVD drives, tape drives, printers, scanners, network cards SATASerial Advanced Technology Attachment) controller uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) controller uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information Magnetic Disks What is a disk controller? p. 226 - 227 Next EIDEEnhancedIntegratedDrive Electronics) controller supports four hard disks, provides connections for CD and DVD drives EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) controller supports four hard disks, provides connections for CD and DVD drives Chip and circuits that control transfer of items from disk

17. 17 Magnetic Disks What is online storage? p. 227 Fig. 6-11 Next Others can be authorized to access your data Service on Web that provides storage for minimal monthly fee Files can be accessed from any computer with Web access Large files can be downloaded instantaneously Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Online Storage below Chapter 6

18. 18 Magnetic Disks What is a floppy disk? p. 228 Portable, inexpensive storage medium (also called diskette) Thin, circular, flexible film enclosed in 3.5 wide plastic shell shutter shell liner magnetic coating flexible thin film metal hub

19. 19 Magnetic Disks What is a floppy disk drive? p. 228 Fig. 6-12 Next Floppy disk drive built into a desktop computer External floppy disk drive attaches to a computer with a cable Also called secondary storage One floppy drive, named drive A Device that reads from and writes to floppy disk

20. 20 Magnetic Disks What is a Zip disk? p. 228 Fig. 6-13 Next Magnetic medium that stores 100 MB to 750 MB of data Zip disks require a Zip drive c c high capacity drive that reads from and writes on a Zip disk Used to back up and to transfer files Backup is duplicate of file, program, or disk in case original is lost c

21. 21 Push the same button to close the tray. Optical Discs What are optical discs? p. 229 Fig. 6-14 Next Most PCs include an optical disc drive Flat, round, portable metal discs made of metal, plastic, and lacquer Can be read only or read/write Insert the disc, label side up. Push the button to slide out the tray.

22. 22 Optical Discs How should you care for an optical disc? p. 230 Fig. 6-15 Next Do store the disc in a jewel box when not in use Do hold a disc by its edges Do not eat, smoke, or drink near a disc Do not stack discs Do not expose the disc to excessive heat or sunlight Do not touch the underside of the disc

23. 23 Optical Discs What is a CD-ROM? p. 231 Fig. 6-17 Next Compact disc read-only memory Cannot erase or modify contents Typically holds 650 MB to 1 GB Commonly used to distribute multimedia and complex software Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click CD-ROMs below Chapter 6

24. 24 Optical Discs What is a Picture CD? p. 232 Fig. 6-18 Next Film developers offer Picture CD service Can be modified using photo editing software Stores digital versions of roll of film Step 3. At home, print images from Picture CD on your ink-jet photo printer. At a store, print images to Picture CD at kiosk. Step 1. Drop off film to be developed. Mark the Picture CD box on the film-processing envelope. Step 2. When you pick up prints and negatives, a Picture CD contains digital images of each photograph. Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Picture CDs below Chapter 6

25. 25 Optical Discs What are CD-Rs and CD-RWs? p. 232 Next Must have CD recorder or CD-R drive Cannot erase discs contents CD-R (compact disc-recordable) c disc you can write on once CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) ce erasable disc you can write on multiple times Must have CD-RW software and CD-RW drive

26. 26 Optical Discs What is a DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-ROM or digital video disc-ROM)? p. 233 Fig. 6-19 Next Must have DVD-ROM drive or DVD player to read DVD-ROM Stores databases, music, complex software, and movies Blu-ray discs have storage capacity of up to 27 GB HD-DVD discs have storage capacity of up to 45 GB

27. 27 Optical Discs How does a DVD-ROM store data? p. 233 Fig. 6-20 Next Two layers of pits are used, lower layer is semitransparent so laser can read through Some are double-sided Many types of recordable and rewritable DVDs are available DVD-R and DVD+R DVD-RW and DVD+RW Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click DVDs below Chapter 6

28. 28 Tape What is tape? p. 234 Fig. 6-21 Next Magnetically coated plastic ribbon capable of storing large amounts of data at low cost Primarily used for backup

29. 29 Tape How is data stored on a tape? p. 234 - 235 Next Sequential access Unlike direct access used on floppy disks, Zip disks, hard disks, CDs, and DVDs which can locate particular item immediately Reads and writes data consecutively, like music tape

30. 30 PC Cards What is a PC Card? p. 235 Figs. 6-22–6-23 Next Adds capabilities to computer Credit-card-sized device commonly used in notebook computers

31. 31 Miniature Mobile Storage Media What is miniature mobile storage media? p. 236 Fig. 6-24 Next Storage for small mobile devices Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Flash Memory Cards below Chapter 6 CompactFlashSmart MediaSecure Digital Memory Stick xD Picture Card

32. 32 Miniature Mobile Storage Media What is a USB Flash Drive? p. 236 Fig. 6-25 Next Plugs in a USB port on a computer or mobile device Storage capacities up to 4 GB Making the floppy disk obsolete

33. 33 Miniature Mobile Storage Media What is a smart card? p. 237 Fig. 6-26 Next Stores data on microprocessor embedded in small card Input, process, output, and storage capabilities Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Smart Cards below Chapter 6

34. 34 Microfilm and Microfiche What are microfilm and microfiche? p. 238 Fig. 6-27 Next Images recorded using computer output microfilm recorder Store microscopic images of documents on roll or sheet of film Microfilm 100- to 215-foot roll of film Microfiche small sheet of film, usually 4 6

35. 35 Microfilm and Microfiche How do life expectancies of various media compare? p. 238 Fig. 6-28 Next Microfilm and microfiche have longest life of any storage media

36. 36 Putting It All Together What are recommended storage devices for home users? p. 239 Fig. 6-29 Next 160 GB hard disk Online storage CD or DVD drive Card reader/writer USB flash drive

37. 37 Putting It All Together What are recommended storage devices for small office/home office (SOHO) users? p. 239 Fig. 6-29 Next 250 GB hard disk Online storage CD or DVD drive External hard drive for backup USB flash drive

38. 38 Putting It All Together What are recommended storage devices for mobile users? p. 239 Fig. 6-29 Next 100 GB hard disk Online storage CD or DVD drive Card reader/writer Portable hard disk for backup USB flash drive, and/or 5 GB PC Card hard disk

39. 39 Putting It All Together What are recommended storage devices for power users? p. 239 Fig. 6-29 Next CD or DVD drive 500 GB hard disk Online storage Portable hard disk for backup USB flash drive

40. 40 Putting It All Together What are recommended storage devices for large business users? p. 239 Fig. 6-29 Next Desktop computer 250 GB hard disk CD or DVD drive Smart card reader Tape drive USB flash drive Server or Mainframe Network storage server 40 TB hard disk system CD-ROM or DVD-ROM server Microfilm or microfiche

41. 41 Summary of Storage Internal hard disks Portable hard disks Floppy disks Zip disks CD-ROMs Recordable and rewritable CDs DVD-ROMs Recordable and rewritable DVDs Tape PC Cards Flash memory cards USB Flash Drives Microfilm and microfiche Chapter 6 Complete Smart Cards