1. Sep. 21-22, 2006 v FME Worldwide User Conference – Vancouver Reprojection Problems: Art or Error? Dean Hintz, Safe Software

2. Presentation Title 2 ASRP Mixes Cartesian and Polar LL84 All ASRP LL84 coords, But zone 1,8 are polar projections

3. Presentation Title 3 Our Fix

4. Presentation Title 4 Need for Degrees to Meters conversion Based on Latitude The Problem: 1 degree can represent radically different distances on the earths surface depending on where you are. This can become a problem when defining a spatial reference. Image source resolution usually based on ground distance. SDE rastermap: first tile in sets the resolution. For example, at the equator: 1 degree lat = 110574m 1 degree long = 111319m At 50N: 1 degree lat = 111229 m 1 degree long = 71696 m

5. Presentation Title 5 Source ASRP UKH601 Sample source ASRP UKH601

6. Presentation Title 6 SDE mosaic: Northern tile is loaded first UKH601 in SDE mosaic when EUH805 is loaded first

7. Presentation Title 7 SDE Mosaic: Southern tile is loaded first UKH601 in SDE mosaic when UKH601 is loaded first

8. Presentation Title 8 Approaches Considered Solution 1: force most southern tile to load first, or always use equitorial resolution. Solution 2: Calculate resolution based on minimum latitude

9. Presentation Title 9 Step 1: Calculate meters per degree for minimum latitude rlat = reference latitude in radians = reference latitude * pi/180 At 50 degrees N: rlat = 50* pi/180 = 0.872665 rads Meters per degree Longitude: = 111132.92 - 559.82 * cos(2* rlat) + 1.175*cos(4*rlat) = 111132.92 - 559.82 * cos(2* 0.872665)+1.175*cos(4*0.872665) = 111132.92 + 97.21 - 1.10 = 111229.0 m/degree latitude Meters per degree Latitude: = 111412.84 * cos(rlat) - 93.5 * cos(3*rlat) = 111412.84 * cos(0.872665) - 93.5 * cos(3*0.872665) = 71614.79 + 80.97 = 71695.8 m/degree longitude

10. Presentation Title 10 Step 2: Calculate degrees per meter for desired resolution Meters = Degrees * (meters per degree) Degrees = Meters / (meters per degree) DegreesX = 100m / 71696 m per degree =0.00139 degrees / 100 m per degree DegreesY = 100m/111229 m per degree =0.000899 degrees / 100 m per degree Desired resolution at 50N for 100x100m pixel is: X = 0.00139, Y = 0.000899

11. Presentation Title 11 Resampler Workspace

12. Presentation Title 12 SDE mosaic: tiles resampled to southern most resolution UKH601 in SDE mosaic when all tiles are resampled to UKH601 resolution.

13. Presentation Title 13 Theory & References Converting UTM to Latitude and Longitude (Or Vice Versa); Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/UsefulData/UTMFormulas.htm An on-line calculator implemented with Java Script can be seen on the Federation of American Scientists website at: http://www.fas.org/news/reference/calc/degree.html An example function implementation from Physical Oceanography, U of California, San Diego http://www-pord.ucsd.edu/~matlab/coord.htm.

14. Presentation Title 14 Global Projections Mercator Demo: Canada as the centre of the Universe

15. Presentation Title 15 Mercator - default

16. Presentation Title 16 Mercator - Clipped