1. WP1 Working Meeting Ana Gozalbo María José Orts KERABEN, 21 and 22 July 2010 NMP4-SL-2010-260132

2. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 WP3: Objectives Obtaining non-white ceramic tiles with cooler surfaces than traditional ceramic tiles when exposed to solar radiation – Substituting the standard ceramic pigments for cool analogues – Trying and maintain the standard manufacturing procedures for single-firing ceramic tiles

3. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 WP3: Tasks Task 3.1: Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of conventional ceramic tiles Task 3.2: Obtaining glazes with NIR reflecting pigments (single-layer coatings) Task 3.3: Obtaining glazes with NIR transparent pigments (two-layer coatings) Task 3.4: Obtaining and testing tiles with the selected coatings

4. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Task 3.1: Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of conventional ceramic tiles Objective: Characterize the behaviour of standard commercial tiles and their individual components under solar irradiation –To set up the test procedures –For comparative purposes –To choose among the tile constituents (pigments and glazes) those that should preferably be replaced by cool analogues

5. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Task 3.1: Assessment of the solar radiation reflectance of conventional ceramic tiles Work: Selection of a wide range of white and coloured tiles with matt and glossy finish Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation (July 2010). Measurement of solar radiation absortance of the selected tiles. Measurement of tile surface emissivity at 80°C. Gathering of materials: –KERABEN: low temperature frits –NANOPHOS: TiO 2 suspensions, silicon and titania suspension (SurfaPore Thermodry) –SHEPHERD: eight samples of cool pigments

6. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Task 3.1: Selection of a wide range of white and coloured tiles with matt and glossy finish 1: FUTURA negro 2: FUTURA gris 3: FUTURA blanco 4: FUTURA moka 5: FUTURA MATE negro 6: FUTURA MATE gris 7: FUTURA MATE blanco 8: FUTURA MATE moka 9: XIAN negro 10: XIAN miel 11: TRANSIT blanco 12: TRANSIT grafito 13: KURSAL blanco 14: KURSAL gris 15: KURSAL óxido 16: KURSAL beige 17: KURSAL moka 18: INTEGRA gris 19: INTEGRA grafito Criteria for tile selection: –Used in façades –Different colours –Different textures –From the commercially most successful series in KERABEN

7. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 11 12 18 19 9 10 13 14 15 16 17 Task 3.1: Selection of a wide range of white and coloured tiles with matt and glossy finish

8. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Experimental set-up: –insulating base to minimize conduction –thermocouples attached beneath each tile and connected to a data logger (measurements every 5 minutes). –measurements every hour with a K thermocouple on the surface of the tiles. Task 3.1: Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation

9. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Task 3.1: Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation July 28 th : a clear day

10. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Task 3.1: Comparison of superior (SUP) and inferior (INF) surface temperature of tiles July 27 th : a clear day

11. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 July 29 th : mostly sunny with a few clouds Task 3.1: Measurement of surface temperature of tiles when exposed to solar radiation

12. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 July 29 th : mostly sunny with a few clouds

13. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Surface temperature: –Reaches a maximum around 13:00, for all the tiles –Later, it decreases due to increase in convection (wind) –Differences of up to 20°C between tiles: Maximum temperature, 75°C: tile 5 (FUTURA MATT BLACK) Minimum temperature at that time, 54°C: tile 11 (TRANSIT WHITE) On comparing inferior and superior temperature it can be assessed that the tile reaches equilibrium quite fast, in aproximately ten minutes. Task 3.1: Conclusions Task 3.1: Conclusions

14. KERABEN, 21 and 22 September 2010 Task 3.1: Relationship between maximum surface temperature and solar absortance of tiles Sample Emissivity ( Solar Absortance ( 10,790,863 20,810,644 30,810,39 40,810,539 50,830,862 60,830,661 70,830,397 80,830,524 90,820,853 100,830,695 110,840,322 120,830,721 130,830,343 140,830,576 150,830,813 160,830,404 170,830,707 180,830,546 190,830,747