1. 1)Who is this man? 2)What sport did he play? 3)What makes his involvement so pivotal?

2. (1955 – 1968) White: YES RED: NO

3. De Facto Segregation segregation that exists by practice and custom Civil Rights NAACP Boycott Sit-in Nonviolent Resistance Civil Disobedience

5. Dec 1, 1955 – Dec 20, 1956 Rosa Parks refused to get up and move from a row of seats when ordered to by the bus driver Community leaders organized to make an example of this situation, with Martin Luther King leading the campaign People walked, took taxis, rode mules or bikes, or hitchhiked in order to avoid taking the bus King himself was arrested for impeding usage of busses. His trial did nothing but bring the spotlight

6. Feb 4, 1913 – Oct 24, 2005 Seamstress by occupation Secretary of the NAACP when arrested Fined $10 fine + $4 court fee Presidential Medal of Freedom – 1996 Congressional Medal of Honor – 1999 Body laid in state for two days in the Capitol http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/par0bio-1

8. Jan 15, 1929 Born Atlanta, GA Morehouse College; PhD from Boston College in Theology Marries Coretta Scott (King) in 1953 During the Alabama boycott, his home will be fire bombed

9. Civil Rights group Martin Luther King Jr. is its 1 st president Churches joining this organization faced threats from the KKK and other groups

12. Feb. 1, 1960 Four African Americans sit at the WHITES ONLY counter, and ordered coffee, and were refused They stayed there until close Went from four, to 20, to eventually 300 strong.

14. The movement spread to other cities, some violently Led to Civil Rights Act 1964 – Desegregate Public Areas I am deeply sympathetic with the efforts of any group to enjoy the rights of equality that they are guaranteed by the Constitution – President Eisenhower (Wilkinson, Doris Yvonne. Black Revolt: Strategies of Protest. Berkeley: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 1969.)

16. Ordered the Desegregation of schools in America (1954)

18. Central High School in Little Rock, AR (1957) Little Rock school board will approve admission of nine students to the high school The best overall students (academically/morally) were chosen

21. Governor Orval Faubus (D) Will order the blockade of the black students He will meet with President Eisenhower, to no avail

23. Melba Pattillo Beals (b. 1941) Minnijean Brown (b. 1941) Elizabeth Eckford (b. 1941) Ernest Green (b. 1941) Gloria Ray Karlmark (b. 1942) Carlotta Walls LaNier (b. 1942) Thelma Mothershed (b. 1940) Terrence Roberts (b. 1941) and Jefferson Thomas (1942–2010)

25. President Eisenhower will send the U.S. Army to insure the students be safely allowed into the school The National Guard will be federalized (Eisenhower will take power away from the governor to control them)

27. Governor will shut down all high schools for the 1958 school year A public referendum will support the governor The Black community will receive the community wrath for preventing students from going to school

31. May 4, 1961 Blacks and Whites travelling into the Deep South in order to test Desegregation policies at stops and cities They went in two busses Generally ok in VA, NC, SC Things went bad in Alabama Police will conspire with KKK groups in Anniston and Birmingham to allow free access with no police intervention for 15 minutes One bus had its tires slashed and was firebombed

33. The second bus is boarded by the KKK and riders are beaten As they escape the bus, they are greeted by mobs outside with baseball bats and pipes One hospital will refuse to treat the victims, and theyll be moved in secret

35. May 22 – New group arrives to replace those unable to continue (Montgomery, AL) Kennedy arranges a deal with local leaders Protect group on the last stretch Feel free to arrest them on Segregation violations in Jackson, MS

36. Aug. 28, 1963

37. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character…