1. This research is supported by the CRC for Rail Innovation under R1.133 Station Access project

2. Station Access: Bridging the door-to-door divide Station Access: The Big Picture Station Access in Australia Review of Station Access Planning Important Access Planning Elements Proposed Evaluation Framework Case Studies Conclusions 2

3. Station Access: The Big Picture Station access the portion of an individuals trip that occurs between an origin or destination point and the transit system Rail as part of a door-to-door journey Bridges the gap between origin (destination) and rail transit service to be more analogous to car door-to-door service. (Source: ATOC 2010, p.1) 3

4. 7 th Relative importance of rail journey dimensions (Source: Brons, Givoni Rietveld 2009, p.140) Station accessibility ranks 7 th in terms of importance in rail journey dimensions Infrequent users ranked accessibility 3 rd after travel time reliability and level of comfort Station Access: The Big Picture 4

5. Station Access in Australia For Sydney in 2006, 25% of all dwellings in were within 800 metres of a train station 48% prefer to walk to the station (average distance of 700 m). 84% walk home. Data on overall access data characteristics reveal overall network characteristics but reveal little about specific station characteristics, however its a good starting point. (Source: TPDC-NSW 2006) From: 5

6. Station Access in Australia Understanding how passenger access a station sheds some light on the adequacy of access facilities around a station. Analysis of access mode share reveals a great deal about the characteristics of the rail network and/or station. 6 Kiss & Ride 3% Other- Train 48% Bus 8% Walk/Cycle 41% Other- Train 22% Kiss & Ride 3% Bus 37% Walk/Cycle 37%

7. Station Access in Australia Park & Ride Stations End-of-line Stations 7

8. Access mode by station along the NSW rail network Walking access important for inner locations Car access more important for outer locations Development density (distance from CBD) affects the type access mode to stations and corroborated by mode shares versus distance from CBD in Sydney. (Source: Kittelson and Associates et al. 2012, p.34) 8 (Source: Xu, Milthorpe & Tsang 2011, p.12) Sydney: WalkingBus Car KnR Car PnR

9. Station Access in Australia NSW RailCorp Description TransLink (Qld) Description PTA WA Architectural Description City (Town Hall) Rail interchange, pedestrian, bus, cycle, & taxi but limited car access. Principal Hub (Roma St) Active transport supported by feeder bus. Grand Central (Perth) Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus (linked or on-street) Major (Chatswood) Possible rail interchange, pedestrian, bus, cycle, & taxi with limited car access. Activity Hub (Auchenflower) Active transport supported by feeder bus, KnR, PnR. Inner Suburban (Buranda) Active transport supported by bus feeder. Suburban (Kogarah) Possible rail interchange. Pedestrian, bus, cycle, taxi, & car access provided. Suburban (Zillmere) Active transport & bus feeder supported by KnR, PnR Suburban (manned) (Victoria Park) Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus on-street Community (Homebush) Pedestrian, cycle, & car access but limited bus & taxi access. Outer (Birkdale) Bus feeder, KnR, PnR, some active transport. Park & Ride (Claremont) Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus on-street Outer Urban No interchange with other forms of PT. Suburban (unmanned) (Queens Park) Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus on-street End-of-line (Ferny Grove) Interchange bus & rail supported by active transport, KnR, PnR. Bus-Rail Interchange/ Terminus (Murdoch) Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus (linked or on-street) Special Events (Showgrounds) Pedestrian/cycle, taxi, bus on street Select Australian station categorisation and corresponding access modes 9

10. Station Access in Australia Access mode hierarchy across station categories (WA) Access Hierarchy Grand Central Bus-Rail Interchange Park-n-Ride Stations Suburban Station (manned) Suburban Station (unmanned) Special Events 1 Under review Bus users Walk/cycle users ––– 2– KnR & disabled ––– 3– Long term PnR––– 4– Long term Pay & Display ––– 5– –––– (Source: PTA WA 2011, p.65) 10

11. Station Access in Australia Single overall access hierarchy for all station types Access Rank NSW (TfNSW)Qld (TransLink)Victoria (VRIOGS) 1Pedestrian/bicycleWalkPedestrian 2TrainCycleInformal bike storage 3TramFeeder public transport Bike cages 4Bus/FerryKiss-and-rideDisabled car parking 5Kiss-and-ridePark-and-rideTaxi ranks 6Park-and-rideKiss-and-ride 7Emergency service vehicles 8Service vehicles 9Bus 10Tram 11Private car parking (Source: Transport NSW 2011; TransLink 2012; State of Victoria 2011) 11

12. Review of Station Access Planning Element TCRP Report 153 ( US )(2012) Network Rail ( UK ) (2011) NSW Transport Interchange (2011-Draft) Translink PT Infrastructure (2012) Victoria Station Design Standard (2011) PTA-WA Design Guide (2011) Access mode hierarchy Priority depends on location, history, setting, land use & density Walk, cycle, taxi or bus; user priorities by passenger type Pedestrian/bicyc le, train, tram, bus/ferry, KnR and PnR Walk, cycle, bus, KnR and PnR; detailed guide on eliminating mode conflicts Pedestrian, cycle, disabled parking, taxi, KnR, emergency & service vehicles, bus, tram, car parking By station category (under review) Station categories 12 categories across 8 factors 6 categories5 interchange category & 5 station types 3 station types & 3 hierarchy of station facilities 4 metro station categories & 5 regional 6 station categories Station category & access mode mode share defined access mode given Stakeholders collaboration Collaboration StakeholdersCollaborationNot definedCollaboration Station access components lists List for interchange type GenericLists station amenities Guiding principles DetailedGuidanceDetailedVery detailedDetailedLess-detailed Access demand methodology Planning tool Refers to another guide Mode demand guidance Comparison of station planning guides 12

13. Important Access Planning Elements Access Hierarchy Station Access-Related Zones of Influence Access Facilities Location Station Categories with Access Modes Station Formation and Access Modes Station Access Principles by Mode 13

14. Proposed Evaluation Framework Framework based on a traffic light rating system (UK Network Rail). Access principles rated green, amber or red depending how principles are met. Green light – all the criteria adequately addressed. Amber light – some (not all) criteria have been taken into consideration. Red light –only a few (if any) criteria met. Principles with red or amber require further improvements to meet requirements. RatingCommentsActions Access Mode Principle Walking to the station Cycling to the station Bus feeder access Kiss-and-ride access Park-and-ride access (Adapted from Network Rail 2011) 14

15. Case Study station profiles 15

16. 16

17. Access Modes Principles Evaluation Results 17 Town Hall No PnR access Walking access direct (several entrances), sufficient signage and adequate pathway widths Bus feeder access convenient. Mandurah Ticks almost all the green boxes Issue on locating parking on isolated area. Coomera All access modes catered Walking and cycling access not as direct Bus, KnR, and PnR principles listed adhered (issue with locating the northern parking area).

18. Conclusions: Station Access Key component of overall passenger rail journey – bridges gap between origin/destination & stations Reviewed local and international planning guides & analysed Australian stations Elements identified for planning: access mode hierarchy facilities location access mode by category detailed access mode principles. Access principles rated green, amber or red Brisbane, Perth & Sydney case studies illustrate approach. 18