1. Fueling Up - Environmentally Safe Alternatives For School Vehicles A presentation of the Clean Yellow Bus Association of Southeastern PA Eric Cheung, Senior Attorney Clean Air Council/ Coordinator Philadelphia Diesel Difference Program Presentation to the PA Association of School Business Officials 50th Anniversary Conference and Exhibits March 10, 2005

2. Yellow Buses in PA: School buses provide an important service for PA residents –25,823 school buses in operation statewide –1,513,603 students transported to school –346,477,854 annual miles traveled –37,222 school bus drivers employed (PA School Bus Association) Environmental benefits –Community-based transportation - not required under PA law. –Approximately 80% of all public school students are transported by buses (School Bus Information Council) –B Grade/Ahead of the Curve (Union of Concerned Scientists) –80% of bus PA buses are relatively new (1990s) (UCS) Other benefits –Cost per pupil of public expense $491 (SBIC) –PA Student fatalities from 1995 – 2000: 5 (all in 1995/1996) (PSBA)

3. Diesel Pollution: Health risk to children –Exacerbates chronic respiratory diseases, bronchitis, asthma –Contains known carcinogens –Particularly harmful to developing lungs; inhibits lung capacity Contributor to poor air quality –Diesel trucks and buses are responsible for two-thirds of all particulates, and 40% NOx, which is a smog precursor, from highway vehicles in PA. (US EPA) –The Philadelphia region is in violation of the federal health standards for smog and fine particulates. Philadelphia area statistics concerning diesel particulates (from 1999) –260 premature deaths –3,700 asthma attacks (economic cost: $160,000) –32,000 missed days of work ($4.4 million in lost wages)

4. Introducing The Clean Yellow Bus Association of Southeastern PA Promoting ways and providing assistance to reduce air pollution from school buses. Coalition participants: Greater Philadelphia Clean Cities Program Energy Cooperative of Pennsylvania Lower Merion School District Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission Philadelphia Diesel Difference Clean Air Council Johnson Matthey Rentar Environmental Solutions Krapf Bus Co. Sprague Energy PennFuture PA Department of Environmental Protection U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Philadelphia Air Management Services School District of Philadelphia

5. Philadelphia Diesel Difference [A] coalition of diverse partners with a mutual interest in reducing air pollution from diesel engines in the greater Philadelphia area through voluntary programs Coordinator: Clean Air Council Chair: Philadelphia Air Management Services For more information: Eric Cheung 215-567-4004 ext. 237 www.cleanair.org/dieseldifference

6. Philadelphia Diesel Difference – Members Working Group - Coalition of public, private and nonprofit partners –Members endorse Diesel Difference Chapter –Monthly meetings –Meeting minutes and monthly presentation available on website Executive Committee – DVRPC, Philadelphia Health Department, Philadelphia Managing Office, Clean Air Council, Amtrak, PA DEP, US EPA Subcommittees – address specific topics of interest to Diesel Difference stakeholders –Technical –Criteria –Corporate Sponsor

7. Philadelphia Diesel Difference - Services Technical support Information clearinghouse Recognition Program – for fleets that successfully complete clean diesel project Website – comprehensive regional resource on clean diesel technologies and strategies – www.cleanair.org/dieseldifference Quarterly Newsletter Adopt-A-School Bus Latest funding information Fleet outreach/assessments Community events

8. Greater Philadelphia Clean Cities Program [T]he mission of the Clean Cities Program is to advance the economic, environmental, and energy security of the United States by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that contribute to reduced petroleum consumption in the transportation sector. Coordinator: Energy Cooperative Association Of Pennsylvania Promotes alternative fuel vehicles, idle reduction technologies, fuel economy, fuel blends and hybrids For more information: Nathalie Shapiro (215) 413-2122 http://www.phillycleancities.org/

9. New Diesel Regulations Mid-2006: Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) required for all on-road diesel vehicles 2007: Original equipment manufacturers produce engines with cleaner exhaust systems Combined: New regulations will result in at least 90% reduction of particulates and 95% reduction in NOx. But until then…

10. Voluntary Clean Options!!!!!! For Diesel Engine Vehicles, Including School Buses

11. Clean Option #1: Diesel Retrofits/After-Treatment Devices Diesel Particulate Filters + ULSD –Cost: $6,000 - $10,000 –60% reduction in pollution (DPF alone) –Up to 90% with ULSD Diesel Oxidation Catalysts –Cost: $600 - $2,000 –20 – 50% reduction in pollution EPA/CARB – verified technologies Repower or Replace

12. Clean Option #1: Success Stories Wissahickon North Penn (in progress) Upper Darby (in progress) North Allegheny County General McLane Unionville – Chadds Ford (in progress) West Chester School District (through Krapf Bus Company) Upper Moreland (in progress) Garnet Valley (in progress)

13. Clean Option #2: Cleaner Burning Diesel Fuel Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) –Sulfur content at or less than 15 ppm –Can reduce particulates by 5 – 9% alone. –Diesel Particulate Filters must use ULSD –Incremental cost 8 to 25 cents more per gallon Emulsified Diesel –Water blend –Can see 50% reduction in particulates –Incremental cost of 20 cents more per gallon Other Additives –Check to be sure technology has been verified

14. Clean Option #3: Idling Reduction Idling Reduction Technologies –Auxiliary Power Units –Direct-Fired Heaters –Automatic Engine Idle –Shore Power Electrified Truck Stop –Advanced Electrified Truck Stop Success Stories (both in progress): –Advanced Electrified Truck Stop in Carlisle –Amtrak Automatic Engine Start Stop For Locomotives Idling Reduction Laws –Philadelphia –Allegheny County (2004)

15. Clean Option #3: Idling Reduction – Anti-Idling Policies PA State School Bus Anti-Idling Campaign –Clean Air Council Program –Encourage all PA school districts to implement school bus anti-idling policies –Can be either Board Resolution or part of bus operations handbook Statewide Stakeholder Group –Includes PA DEP, PASBO, PA Bus Association, PA State Educators Assoc., Pupil Transportation Association of PA Success Stories: –Lower Merion –North Penn –Unionville – Chadds Ford For more information: Aaron Firestone (215) 567-4004 x 273 http://www.cleanair.org

16. Clean Option #4: Alternatively Fueled Buses Compressed Natural Gas Propane Biodiesel Success Stories: –Lower Merion School District (CNG) –Medford Township School District (Biodiesel) –Springfield Township School District (Methanol) –Great Valley School District (Biodiesel pilot project)

17. Biodiesel Made from vegetable oil (commonly soy or recycled restaurant grease) B20 blend results in 10-15% particulate reductions, but a possible slight NOx increase Success Stories: PA Turnpike Commission, Valley Forge National Park, Willow Grove Naval Air Base 20 – 25 cent per gallon increase (but new tax incentives have come out) Suppliers: – Energy Cooperative Association of PA – World Energy

18. Funding Opportunities Clean Buses For Kids Program –Program closed as of November, 2004 –7 school districts were awarded funding in PA: Canon-McMillan, Charleroi, Fort LeBoeuf, Garnet Valley, Upper Moreland, Unionville-Chadds Ford, West Shore U.S. EPA – Clean School Bus USA - $7.5 Million expected this Spring U.S. DOE/Greater Philadelphia Clean Cities – State Energy Program Special Projects – Money available now for AFV buses, AFV fueling stations, and hybrid diesel buses PA DEP – AFIG PA DEP – Small Business Advantage Grant –heaters Philadelphia Diesel Difference – Adopt-A- School Bus CMAQ – through your MPO