1. Activation of PKC signaling reverses cell chirality in the myocardium before cardiac looping.
Activation of PKC signaling reverses cell chirality in the myocardium before cardiac looping. (A) Confocal images of Golgi (anti-GM130, green) and nucleus (Hoechst, blue) in the ventral myocardium of control and TPA (a PKC activator)-treated embryos at HH9. (B) Circular histogram of angle distribution of Golgi polarization in the ventral myocardium at HH9 in control and TPA-treated groups. n = (number of cells, number of embryos). (C) Quantification of Golgi polarization with respect to the nucleus along the anterior–posterior and right–left axes for control and TPA-treated embryos. (D) Confocal images of the chick ventral myocardium at HH9 for control and TPA-treated chicken embryos, with Phalloidin (F-actin) staining to visualize cell boundaries. (E) Circular histogram of angle distribution of cell boundaries in the ventral myocardium at HH9 for control and TPA-treated embryos. n = (number of cell boundaries, number of embryos). (F) Percentage of cell boundaries in the ventral myocardium at HH9 with angles between −90° to 0° and 0°–90° for control and TPA-treated embryos. **P < 0.01, ***P < A, anterior; L, left; P, posterior; R, right. (Scale bars: 20 µm.)‏
Poulomi Ray et al. PNAS doi: /pnas
©2018 by National Academy of Sciences