1. Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET (Incident Command Net) Don McGarry E146 315-838-2669 dmcgarry@mitre.org First Responder Collaboration & Integration

2. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 My Background Practicing Paramedic in New York State since 2001 –3 years full-time –Currently part-time Paramedic Instructor for State University of New York Upstate Medical University FEMA certified in Incident Command System, National Incident Management System, & National Response Framework Ph.D. Candidate in Electrical & Computer Engineering – Syracuse University 2

3. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 The Problem Hazard on I-81 Bridge. All vehicles enter from Mattydale exit. Voice over Radio / Chat Message Voice / Telephone Voice over Radio / Dispatch Message Voice over Radio / Dispatch Message Voice over Radio / Dispatch Message Voice over Radio / Dispatch Message County EMS Unit County EMS Dispatch County Fire Dispatch County PD Dispatch City Fire Dispatch City EMS Dispatch County PD Unit County FD Unit City FD Unit City EMS Unit

4. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET Problem Statement Incident Managers rely on radio communication & handwritten notes/reports for Situational Awareness during large scale events –Difficult to maintain a common operating picture –In-briefing of new staff is cumbersome –Information is sent ad-hoc to third & forth responders Most regions have software-based Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) or disaster management systems with computers in field units –Systems are generally not interoperable among regions –Existing standards are narrow in scope, or are too heavyweight to be used during large scale events –Field sensor data is not sent on a real-time basis through an open platform 4

5. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 5 Incident Management Spectrum * Leonard, H. B. and Howitt, A. M., Against Desperate Peril: High Performance in Emergency Preparation and Response, forthcoming in Communicable Crisis, edited by D. E. Gibbons. Leonard and Howitt, professors at Harvards Kennedy School of Government, have researched the characteristics of novel crises and have distinguished sudden crises from emergent crises. House Fires 2-Vehicle Accidents Wild Fires N-Vehicle Accidents Major Earthquakes Major Hurricanes Industrial Accidents Airplane Crashes Explosions (bombs) Pandemic Flu Cyber Attack Agriculture Attack Nuclear Attack Response Complexity Incident Complexity Novel, Emergent*PredictableMost Least High situational awareness Authority-based leadership (Pattern) Recognitional decision-making Modest customization Execution of trained/practiced scripts Low situational awareness Collaborative leadership Improvisation and execution of untested actions (Fault Tolerance) Multiple levels of government Strong political component Dynamic Communities of Interest We Need Tools That Scale From This To This

6. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Constraint: Incident Command System Pen & Paper / Organizational System A standardized on-scene emergency management construct derived to ensure: –The safety of responders and others –The achievement of tactical objectives –The efficient use of resources Represents "best practices" and has become the standard for emergency management across the country. Is a key feature of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). 6

7. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Our Focus: EMS Chain of Action Size-Up (Assess) Triage Field Treatment Determine Disposition Transport Disposition

8. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Approach Direct engagement with First Responders –Determine operational needs –Monthly brainstorming sessions to evaluate content –Analysis of real field systems and real field data –Evaluation of proposed ideas to digitize business processes Data modeling based on First Responder requirements –Identification of common data elements / exchange patterns –Mapping to data elements to existing standards –Existing standards evaluation –Identification of data model gaps, development of placeholder loose couplers Design & implementation of messaging platform –Routing and exposure messaging architecture –Joint Interoperability testbed on MITRE DMZ 8

9. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 What Distinguishes IC.NET Studies have been done on CAD system interoperability –These studies focused on vendor-specific CAD to CAD communication, not general CAD to CAD interoperability or CAD to Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) communication –MDTs are the systems that First Responders know how to use and will bring them to a mutual aid event –The First Responder Community and FEMA have expressed a desire to have interoperability at the MDT layer –Research on how to apply data standards to this layer is needed along with a functional prototype for proof of concept Most current systems dont capture First Responder Sensor Data – This research will include ways to capture, transmit, and expose this data to a common operating picture (COP) Existing systems use explicit delivery to individuals through manual configuration – IC.NET seeks to automate this process based on the state of the ICS structure along with predefined role information 9

10. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Stakeholder Engagement Central New York First Responders –Monthly feedback/brainstorming sessions –Participation on Handshake / Testbed / Prototyping LAFD / SDFD –Integration with legacy CAD –Prototyping of interoperable CAD / MDT solution –Integration with COTS vendors / CBRNE sensors –Participation in incidents / exercises OASIS –Research efforts can also produce technology transfer –Provide SME and technical expertise to support DHS OIC DHS –Support Virtual USA vision –Support C2 interoperability for First Responder systems 10

11. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET FY10 Vision 11 LAFD CAD LAFD MDT ADASHI EOC MITRE MDT SAFE CBRNE Sensors Solace XML Router COTS Vis. WW Vis. & C2 SD CAD IC.NET Test Tool LA Hospitals Evotec HAITI CMU DM IC.NET on MITRE DMZ / Joint Interoperability Testbed New Vendors OASIS Partners Virtual USA Images First Responder On-Scene Network Lifepak 12Digital PenField Sensors Google (VA) / ESRI (VIPER) = via plugin = via standards

12. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 General Architectural Requirements Standard data envelope for distributing data –Simple to implement / Easy to use –Ability to distribute without processing content –Support for machine-based processing of metadata Standard payloads to be carried in the envelope –Use cases developed from consultation with SME –Data model driven from use cases Platform to route and expose payload data –Field-able prototype for proof of concept, interoperability testing, validation of data model –24x7 joint interoperability testbed with OASIS partners, COTS vendors, DHS, and SPAWAR 12

13. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Breakdown of EDXL-DE Structure This diagram illustrates the basic components that makeup a DE message DE messages are able to carry one or more payloads of data IC.NET will use the OASIS standard EDXL v1.0 message All EDXL standards are designed to be carried in the DE 13 EDXL-DE Message Type of Message Date / Time Message Sent Sender Information Recipient Information Geographical Information XML / Non-XML Payloads

14. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET Payloads EDXL-HAVE – Hospital Availability: –OASIS Standard v1.0 –MITRE is currently supporting development of EDXL-DE v2.0 Situational Representation: –Incident & Unit Information –MITRE is currently supporting development of EDXL-SitRep standard in OASIS Tracking of Emergency Patients: –Patient, Triage, Treatment, and Transport Information –MITRE is will be supporting development of EDXL-TEP standard once it reaches OASIS Resource Messaging –Unit information –Unit tasking 14

15. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Platform / Architecture Features Research goal is to automate the exposure of data to the ICS structure based on pre-defined business processes Leverage the context of the ICS structure to have message exposure system determine: –Who are the appropriate customers for a message? –What level of detail should I expose to each customer? Message exposure system needs to examine both the content of the messages and the state command structure Messages should be ingested and exposed using both pub/sub and request/reply messaging Message delivery should be guaranteed, despite network conditions Architecture needs to provide a simple mechanism to add both consumers & producers of data 15

16. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET High Level Architecture 16

17. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Dynamic Data Composability 17 LAFD CAD LAFD MDT ADASHI EOC LA Hospitals IC.NET Field Hospital Existing Users 1. New Field Hospital wants to receive pertinent data feeds 2. Field Hospital system posts EDXL-DE / Message to POST Endpoint 3. IC.NET system adds field hospital to model 4. IC.NET returns xAL object with dynamically created REST & pub/sub Endpoints for Field Hospital 5. Field Hospital will now receive data feeds from existing users

18. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Dynamic Data Federation 18 IC.NET for Local Jurisdiction 1. Local jurisdiction has incident and wants to connect with other neighboring jurisdictions 2. Routing rules are updated and DE pub/sub endpoints are connected 3. Other Local jurisdiction now has bilateral C2 information sharing capabilities 4. Local jurisdiction now can receive all of neighboring areas shared data IC.NET in Neighboring Area Solace Router FEMA DM-OPEN FEMA IPAWS Network Layer 5. This works with ANY EDXL-DE – based system!

19. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Current Status Technical –EDXL - Library implementation – Transition to Open Source –EDXL - Test tool development – Transition to Open Source –MEXL – Design & Library Implementation –Ingestion / Exposure Services –Routing service with pub/sub messaging Outreach –OASIS Technical Committee Voting member –Supporting technical effort for EDXL standards development –Chair W3C Decisions Incubator Activity –LAFD & SDFD Engagement –Interoperability Testbed –DHS / FEMA Engagement 19

20. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET – Incident Command Net Objectives Principal InvestigatorsDonald McGarry OrganizationsE146 HLSC / SEDI Level of Effort1.8 Staff Years Status:New Research & develop a data model for the First Responder Domain Develop enterprise messaging services to support dynamic message routing and orchestration Develop agile end-user applications to support changing and expanding National Response events for enhanced situational awareness Participate in Mass Casualty Incident Drills Activities Create better situational awareness for Incident Command & Supervising Facilities Develop prototype tools for National Emergency Response Scenarios Drive standards development and adoption for / with DHS

21. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 IC.NET DEMO 21

22. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 References FEMA (2008). National Response Framework. Retrieved from the FEMA Web site: http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf Gorman, J. (2005). Parlez | UML. Driving Development with Use Cases. Retrieved from the ParlezUML Web site: http://www.parlezuml.com/tutorials/usecases/usecases.pdfhttp://www.parlezuml.com/tutorials/usecases/usecases.pdf Jain, S. et. al. (2007). Towards Standards For Integrated Gaming And Simulation For Incident Management. SCSC. Truong, H. et. al. (2009). On Modeling, Collecting and Utilizing Context Information for Disaster Responses in Pervasive Environments. CASTA 09. United States Department of Homeland Security [DHS] (2009). Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) Project Initiation Document (PID) For the Tracking of Emergency Victims (EDXL-TEV) Messaging Standard PHASE I - Tracking of Emergency Patients (EDXL-TEP). Retrieved from the Evotec inc. Web site: http://www.evotecinc.com/TEP/index.php?dir=&file=EDXL- TEP%20Project%20Initiation%20Document%20%28PID%29%20v4%201.pdf http://www.evotecinc.com/TEP/index.php?dir=&file=EDXL- TEP%20Project%20Initiation%20Document%20%28PID%29%20v4%201.pdf 22

23. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 References Brady, T. (2003). Emergency Management: Capability Analysis of Critical Incident Response. Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference. Chen, R. et. al. (2008). Coordination in Emergency Response Management. Communications of the ACM, 51(5), 66-73 Chipman, R. et. al. (2008). Network Based Information Sharing Between Emergency Operations Center. IEEE Xplore. Emergency Interoperability Consortium [EIC] (2009). The Emergency Interoperability Consortium. Retrieved from the EIC Web site: http://www.eic.org/http://www.eic.org/ Fawcett, Dr. J (2009). Syracuse University. UML Notation. Retrieved from the Syracuse University Web site: http://www.ecs.syr.edu/faculty/fawcett/handouts/cse681/presentations/notation.ppt http://www.ecs.syr.edu/faculty/fawcett/handouts/cse681/presentations/notation.ppt Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA] (2009). About the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Retrieved from the FEMA Web site: http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/AboutNIMS.shtm http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/AboutNIMS.shtm FEMA (2009). Disaster Management Interoperability Services – Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN). Retrieved from the Disaster Help Web site: http://www.disasterhelp.gov/disastermanagement/open/index.shtm http://www.disasterhelp.gov/disastermanagement/open/index.shtm FEMA (2008). Incident Command System (ICS), Review Materials. Retrieved from the FEMA Independent Study Web site: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/ICSResource/assets/reviewMaterials.pdf http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/ICSResource/assets/reviewMaterials.pdf 23

24. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 References FEMA (2008). IS-100 Introduction to Incident Command System ICS-100 Instructor & Student Guide. Retrieved from the FEMA Independent Study Web site: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is100alst.asp http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is100alst.asp FEMA (2008). IS-200 ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents ICS-200 Instructor & Student Guide. Retrieved from the FEMA Independent Study Web site: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is200alst.asp http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is200alst.asp FEMA (2009). IS-700 NIMS An Introduction Instructor & Student Guide. Retrieved from the FEMA Independent Study Web site: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700alst.asphttp://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700alst.asp Leonard, H. B. and Howitt, A. M., Against Desperate Peril: High Performance in Emergency Preparation and Response, forthcoming in Communicable Crisis, edited by D. E. Gibbons. Leonard and Howitt, professors at Harvards Kennedy School of Government, have researched the characteristics of novel crises and have distinguished sudden crises from emergent crises. Mulgund, et. al. The MITRE Corp. (2008). N2CI Architecture. Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) (2005). Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) 1.1 OASIS Standard. Retrieved from the OASIS Web site: http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/15135/emergency-CAPv1.1- Corrected_DOM.pdf http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/15135/emergency-CAPv1.1- Corrected_DOM.pdf OASIS (2006). Emergency Data Exchange Language Distribution Element (EDXL-DE) 1.0 OASIS Standard. Retrieved from the OASIS Web site: http://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/edxl-de/v1.0/EDXL-DE_Spec_v1.0.pdfhttp://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/edxl-de/v1.0/EDXL-DE_Spec_v1.0.pdf 24

25. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 References OASIS (2008). Emergency Data Exchange Language Hospital Availability Exchange (EDXL- HAVE) 1.0 Public Review Draft. Retrieved from the OASIS Web site: http://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/edxl-have/pr05/emergency_edxl_have-1.0-spec-pr05.pdfhttp://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/edxl-have/pr05/emergency_edxl_have-1.0-spec-pr05.pdf OASIS (2008). Emergency Data Exchange Language Resource Messaging (EDXL-RM) 1.0 Public Review Draft. Retrieved from the OASIS Web site: http://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/edxl-rm/v1.0/pr02/EDXL-RM-SPEC-V1.0.pdfhttp://docs.oasis- open.org/emergency/edxl-rm/v1.0/pr02/EDXL-RM-SPEC-V1.0.pdf OASIS (2009). Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) Requirements Statement and draft Messaging Specification for the Situation Reporting Messaging Standard (EDXL- SitRep). Retrieved from the OASIS Web site: http://www.oasis- open.org/apps/org/workgroup/emergency-msg/download.php/32999/EDXL-SitRep-Rqmts- MsgSpec020209.pdfhttp://www.oasis- open.org/apps/org/workgroup/emergency-msg/download.php/32999/EDXL-SitRep-Rqmts- MsgSpec020209.pdf OASIS (2009). The Distribution Element:The Basic Steps to Package and Address Your Emergency Information. Retrieved from the OASIS Web site: http://www.oasis- open.org/apps/org/workgroup/emergency/download.php/34264/EDXL-DE-Basics- WhitePaper-18Aug09-r2.dochttp://www.oasis- open.org/apps/org/workgroup/emergency/download.php/34264/EDXL-DE-Basics- WhitePaper-18Aug09-r2.doc FEMA (2008). IS-800 National Response Framework, An Introduction Instructor & Student Guide. Retrieved from the FEMA Independent Study Web site: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is800blst.asp http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is800blst.asp FEMA (2008). National Incident Management System. Retrieved from the FEMA Web site: http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/ http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/ FEMA (2009). National Incident Management System Supporting Technology Evaluation Program. Retrieved from the NIMS-STEP Web site: https://www.nimsstep.org/Default.asphttps://www.nimsstep.org/Default.asp 25

26. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 BACKUP SLIDES 26

27. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Industry Partners 27

28. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 First Responder Partners 28

29. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 MITRE Partners Warfighter Widgets – Kelly Gerschefske E54A CoT for DNDO Messaging – Paul Gonsalves E146 Digital Pen – Qian Hu – G063 EREN – David Siegrist – G154 SLFC Study – Kim Warren – N010 CID Support – Gerardo Garcia – N010 VIPER Support – Mike French – N161 Breckford / Decision Support – Percy Schmidt – E541 Virtual USA Support – Neal Rothleder – E541 29

30. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 What is IC.NET? IC.NET (Incident Command Net) –Original research idea proposed by PI during FY09 MIP –MITRE MSR starting in FY10 –Research idea to bring interoperability to First Responders Objectives –Operational needs from First Responders –Data modeling –Standards development / support –Common platform for data exchange –Platform to drive standards adoption 30

31. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Future Work Expand Data Model –Fire Units –Police Units –Police Information Connection to additional interested parties –Local government –CI/KR –DOT Handling LEIS / CUI Connection between DoD / Civilian Systems Expanding data model to include wider band of incident command system Intelligent message processing routing 31

32. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Underlying Architecture Issues 32 CAD MDT Incident Management COTS / Custom Vis. HAZMAT Sensor Data IMINT ICS Tools SA / COP Tools COTS / Custom Vis. What about??? CellularSmartphonesTwitterWebUnanticipated Users New Producers New Consumers Proprietary / Legacy / Non-Standard Data Formats

33. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Research Topics / Questions Development & analysis of the data model for the First Responder Domain –General Breadth Analysis –Specific Depth Analysis for EMS Do existing standards cover the data model? How can we improve existing standards / develop standards to fill gaps? How can we connect systems that are currently disparate using standards? How do we orchestrate data flow between systems in a system that is feasible for First Responder deployment? How can we apply CCoD concepts to support the First Responder mission? 33

34. © 2009 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Approved For Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. Case #09-4342 Sample Triage Algorithm No more than 30 seconds per patient No treatment other than airway positioning and major bleeding control Patients categorizes into 3 priorities or dead Individuals can also be affected persons –Not injured but affected by disaster 34