1. Marine Mammals

2. Order Sirenia: Manatees and Dugongs
1 species dugong
3 species manatees

3. Florida Manatee Endangered Herbivore Migrate in Winter
Inhabit tropical waters

4. Order Pinnipedia: Sea Lions, Seals and the Walrus

5. Family Otariidae: Sea Lions
External ears
Long neck
Performs in shows
Pull hind flipper under body
Claws ¾ to end of flipper

6. Family Phocidae: Seals
No external ears
Short neck
Back flippers to swim
Can’t rotate hind flippers
Claws at end of flippers
Family Phocidae: Seals

7. Family Odobenidae: Walrus
Use vibrissae (whiskers) to feed.

8. Order Carnivora: Sea Otter
Two North American Species
The Alaskan
The Californian

9. Prized for pelt Over 1 million hairs/in2
Need thick fur because they have NO blubber
Oil on hair to repel water

10. Oil Spills Oil covers fur and otters die of exposure
When otters attempt to clean their fur, they ingest the oil and die.

11. Diet
Eat invertebrates (urchins and abalone).
Use tools.

13. Order Carnivora: Polar Bears
Well-developed claws, strong facial musculature, specialized teeth.

14. Family Ursidae Partially aquatic bears.
Inhabit arctic sea ice, water islands & coastlines.

15. Adaptations to the Arctic
Small ears which help conserve body heat.
12’’ paws – act like snowshoes
Non-retractable claw (to grip ice)
Thick fur
Fur is oily and water repellent
Skin is black which enables the bear to absorb sunlight energy to warm its body.
Have 4 inches of blubber

16. Need 4.4 lbs of fat a day to survive.
Polar bears can smell a seal more than 20 miles away.
Feed mainly seals, but will scavenge other mammals

17. No natural predators as adults
Threatened species protected under MMPA (Marine Mammal Protection Act)
No hunting in U.S., but are hunted in Canada.

18. Whales Order: Cetacea Suborders: 1. Mysticeti = Baleen whales
Odontoceti =Toothed whales

19. Whale Anatomy Female whales have a genital slit and 2 mammary slits.
Males have 1 genital slit.

20. Order Mysticeti (Baleen Whales)
Largest: Blue
2nd largest: Fin
Humpback (sings)
2 Blowholes
Humpback
Minke Whale

21. Baleen
Used for filter feeding
Grow down from upper jaw.

22. Rorqual Many throat grooves Shorter baleen plates
Expand capacity of mouth

23. Diving Adaptations
Have 2x the RBC’s, and 9x the myoglobin (than humans)
Countercurrent heat exchange system
Veins surround arteries; heat from blood in arteries is transferred to venous blood.
Mammalian diving reflex- blood is shunted away from extremities to vital organs.

24. Gray Whale
Undertakes the longest migration (11,000 miles)

25. Order Odontoceti
Examples: Sperm, Orca, Dolphins, Porpoises, Narwhal & Beluga
Found in fresh and salt water
Many toothed whales are countershaded or have disruptive coloration (killer whale)

26. Sperm Whales have teeth in the lower jaw only!
One Blowhole
No sense of smell in toothed whales

27. Largest member of Dolphin family is Orca
Largest toothed whale is the Sperm Whale
Fastest is Dall’s Porpoise: 34 m.p.h.
Orca
Sperm Whale
Dall’s Porpoise

28. Cooperative Hunting Orcas, false killer whales, pilot whales,
& bottlenose dolphins
Hunt in packs like wolves
Humpbacks use bubble netting to surround their prey

29. Echolocation
Enables toothed whales to locate and discriminate objects by listening for echoes
Uses organ called a melon which contains fats
Acts as an acoustical lens to focus sound waves out to H2O
Sound travels 4x faster in H2O than in air.
Lower jaw bones = sound reception