1. The Cell cycle

2. Functions
The cell cycle is the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo as they live life and divide to make new cells. The length of the cell cycle depends on the type of cell Cell division has three functions: growth, repair of damage and reproduction

3. How do cells reproduce?
Cells reproduce ASEXUALLY: one parent cell divides and makes two copies of itself
The goal of asexual reproduction is to produce daughter cells that are GENETICALLY IDENTICAL to the parent cell

4. What happens??
During the cell cycle, cells grow, prepare for division and divide into two new cells, which are called DAUGHTER CELLS There are three main stages to the cell cycle: INTERPHASE MITOSIS CYTOKINESIS

5. Diagram of the cell cycle

6. during interphase, the DNA is relaxed in the form of CHROMATIN (dna
What happens to the dna???
during interphase,
the DNA is relaxed
in the form of
CHROMATIN (dna
and proteins)
during mitosis, the
CHROMATIN coils
up tightly into a
structure called a
CHROMOSOME( or
SISTER CHROMATID)
after division, it goes
back to CHROMATIN

7. stage i:Interphase preparing to divide
The first stage of the cell cycle is INTERPHASE
Cells spend most of their time
in INTERPHASE. During this
stage, they are growing,
living their life and preparing to divide
. This process has
three steps to it:
G1- cell grows and lives
S- makes a copy of the DNA
G2- fixes mistakes in the DNA
copy and prepares to divide

8. Stage two: mitosis dividing the nuclear material
THE SECOND STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE IS MITOSIS MITOSIS IS THE PROCESS THAT DIVIDES THE NUCLEAR MATERIAL MITOSIS IS MADE UP OF FOUR PHASES: PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE

9. During PROPHASE, the cell begins to prepare to divide the nucleus
The CHROMATIN condenses into CHROMOSOMES
The centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
Spindle fibers begin to grow from the centrioles
The nuclear membrane dissolves

10. METAPHASE
During metaphase, A spindle fiber attaches to each CHROMOSOME at the CENTROMERE the SISTER CHROMATIDS are moved to the middle of the cell and line up on the equator of the cell

11. anaphase
During ANAPHASE, the centromere holding the sister chromatids together splits. Each chromosome is pulled to opposite ends of the cell by their attached spindle fiber

12. telophase
During TELOPHASE, the chromosomes reach the opposite ends of the cell, where two nuclear membranes form around set. The cell starts to form the cleavage furrow Chromosomes relax back into chromatin

13. cytokinesis
CYTOKINESIS is the process that divides the rest of the cell. During cytokinesis, the cell membrane completes it’s split and the cytoplasm of the cell is divided to form two new daughter cells, which are EXACT COPIES of the parent cell