1. Photosynthesis A process used by plants to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel an organism's activities Reading: pgs 200 - 214

2. Autotroph: organisms that can produce their own food Heterotroph: organisms that get nutrition from consuming other organisms

3. A Photoautotroph Cyanobacteria living in an aqueous environment

4. Chemoautotrophic bacteria living on a hydrothermal vent

5. How we know what we know today Van Helmonts experiment Plants didnt get their mass through consuming soil Priestleys experiment Plants produce oxygen Jan Ingenhousz Plants only produce oxygen in the sunlight (plants need sunlight) Van Helmonts experiment Plants didnt get their mass through consuming soil Priestleys experiment Plants produce oxygen Jan Ingenhousz Plants only produce oxygen in the sunlight (plants need sunlight)

9. Joseph Priestly Plants produced something required for burning and for life Joseph Priestly Plants produced something required for burning and for life

10. Jan Ingenhousz Aquatic plants produce bubbles only when exposed to light Jan Ingenhousz Aquatic plants produce bubbles only when exposed to light

11. The Photoautotrophs we all know and love

12. Anatomy of a leaf Cuticle – waxy protective coating Epidermis – top layer of protective cells Mesophyll – center cells full of chloroplasts Stoma – openings in lower epidermis, protected by guard cells Vascular bundle – transports water and nutrients throughout plant

13. Double Membrane Stroma – the Fluid that fills the chloroplast Thylakoids – stacked up folded membranes made of lipids in a bilayer Photosystems – protein complexes buried in the membranes where photosynthesis happens There are many of these in one thylakoid Double Membrane Stroma – the Fluid that fills the chloroplast Thylakoids – stacked up folded membranes made of lipids in a bilayer Photosystems – protein complexes buried in the membranes where photosynthesis happens There are many of these in one thylakoid

14. Photosynthesis Two separate systems working together to create a simple sugar First system Light Dependent Reactions Use light to charge up energy carrying molecules Second System Calvin Cycle Use energy from energy carrying molecules to convert CO2 into Sugar

16. Chlorophyll Molecule that can absorb the energy from wavelengths of light Chlorophyll Molecule that can absorb the energy from wavelengths of light

17. Light reactions The electron transport chain Goals to energize ATP and NADPH using sunlight Chain of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane Light reactions The electron transport chain Goals to energize ATP and NADPH using sunlight Chain of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane

18. By filling up thylakoid space with H+ we generate a concentration gradient. Releasing H+ to travel down gradient this releases enough energy to recharge ADP into ATP

20. Calvin Cycle Goals to use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light Reactions to power the conversion of CO2 into a simple sugar Calvin Cycle Goals to use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light Reactions to power the conversion of CO2 into a simple sugar

21. Chromatography Separate Analyze Identify Purify Quantify ComponentsMixture

22. Uses of Chromatography Chromatography is used by scientists to: Analyze – examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another Identify – determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components Purify – separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study Quantify – determine the amount of the a mixture and/or the components present in the sample

23. MixtureComponents Separation