1. Mobility Management Requirements for NGN Ashutosh Dutta NIKSUN Princeton New Jersey, 08540 Prepared for GISFI #5 IOT - Hyderabad 1 Contact: adutta@niksun.com GSIFI #5, June 20 – 22, Hyderabad, India IOT5-20110014

2. What are Characteristics of Next Generation Networks? Heterogeneous networks, many access networks – Access-independent converged IP network Order-of-magnitude increases in bandwidth – MIMO, smart antennas – Increase in video and other high bandwidth traffic New terminals New services and service enabling platforms Large range of cell sizes, coverage areas – PAN, LAN, WAN – Pico-cellular, micro-cellular, cellular Changes in traffic and traffic patterns – Rise in video on demand? Requires good high-bandwidth multicast GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

3. Mobile Wireless Internet: A Scenario 802.11a/b/g Bluetooth IPv6 Network UMTS/CDMA Network Internet Domain1 Domain2 UMTS/ CDMA PSTN gateway Hotspot CH Roaming User Ad Hoc Network PAN LAN WAN LAN PSTN 802.11 a/b/g GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

4. Backbone Administrative Domain B L2 PoA Corresponding Host 128.59.10.7 IP ch 207.3.232.10 210.5.240.10 128.59.11.8 N2 N1 N2 N1- Network 1 (802.11) N2- Network 2 ( CDMA/GPRS) Configuration Agent L3 PoA 207.3.232.10 Mobile Host Authentication Agent Authorization Agent Registration Agent Registration Agent Administrative Domain A Configuration Agent Authorization Agent Signaling Proxy Authentication Agent Signaling Proxy Layer 3 PoA L2 PoA Layer 2 PoA Layer 2 PoA L3 PoA Case Study I - Mobility Illustration in a sample IP-based network 128.59.9.6 L3 PoA A B C D 900 ms media interruption 802.11 h/o delay 900 ms 802.11 4 Seconds media interruption h/o delay 4 s 18 Seconds media interruption h/o delay 18 s 4 GSIFI #5

5. 5 Case Study II - P-CSCF Fast-handoff Experimental Results Figure 1: Levels of MMD Optimization Components Optimized 030006000900012000 Proactive Reactive Non-Optimized Types of Handoff Time in ms PPP Termination Layer 2 Delay PPP Activation MIP-Solicitation MIP-Binding Update DHCP Trigger DHCP Inform SIP Trigger SIP+Security Media Redirection Components Optimized GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

6. Motivation It is desirable to limit the jitter, delay and packet loss for VoIP and Streaming traffic – 150 ms end-to-end delay for interactive traffic such as VoIP, 2% packet loss is allowed Delay due to handoff takes place at several layers – Layer 2 (handoff between AP), – Layer 3 (IP address acquisition, Configuration) – Authentication, Authorization – Binding Update – Media Redirection Rapid handoff will contribute to overall delay and packet loss Thus, it is essential to reduce the handoff delay introduced at different layers to provide better QoE to end users GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

7. Objective Develop Best Current Practices for Mobility Management in NGN – Applicable to Rural Environment Develop general rules of optimization for several handoff functions. 7 GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

8. Key FunctionsCharacteristics Handoff May take place between cell, subnet or domain Need to optimize the handoff delay and transient data loss ( e.g., end-to- delay up to 200 ms, 3%-5% packet loss, jitter, for real-time VoIP traffic) May use soft-handoff feature of CDMA, but need fast-handoff mechanisms for other technologies (e.g., 802.11) Need to support session based applications for TCP and RTP traffic Configuration Should be configured within few milliseconds Configures IP address and other server parameters (e.g, DNS, SIP server, Gateway) Registration Assist pre-session mobility Hierarchical nature will make the registration faster Helps location management functionality Quality of Service Need to maintain same QoS during its subnet/domain movement Location Management Allow user to maintain same URI irrespective of point of attachment Technical issues for mobility management IOT5-20110014

9. Mobility Taxonomy IP Mobility Personal Terminal Service Application Layer Network Layer Session Systems Optimization MIPv4 Cellular IP HAWAII IDMP MIP-LR MIPV6 ProxyMIPv6 SIPMM MIP-LR(M) Proxy Transport Layer MSOCKS, Migrate mSCTP Shim Layer HIP Issues Host controlled vs. Mobile Controlled Mobility pattern GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

10. Framework Requirements for Mobility Management It supports means of personal, service, and terminal mobility It supports global roaming (e.g., Inter-operator roaming) It is wireless "technology-independent – CDMA, WiFi, LTE It supports single interface and multi-interface mobility It supports both real-time and non-real-time multimedia services – mobile telephony, mobile web access, and mobile data services It allows a mobile station/user to maintain privacy and confidentiality It supports multicast and anycast trees efficiently as mobile stations/users move around – IPv6, IPTV It provides Secure Signaling for the mobile users It interworks smoothly with PSTN and today's 1G/2G wireless telephony to facilitate interworking of new operators' all IP platforms GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

11. Mobility Functions Handoff – Need to support Cell, Subnet and Domain – Need to support Hard handoff, Soft Handoff – Ensure the integrity, privacy and confidentiality of users information – All three hand-off processes ensure service mobility Maintain QoS of the ongoing sessions Ensure that the mobile has access to all of its subscribed network services and features – Domain hand-off latency should include AAA interaction – Domain handoff should not exceed MAHT to ensure continuity of real- time sessions – Need to support both TCP and RTP/UDP protocols Registration – Supports complete registration for domain handoff - AAA – Supports partial registration for subnet handoff – Supports hierarchical registration when the user is far away GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

12. Mobility Functions (contd.) Configuration – Should not take more than a few hundred milli- seconds – Should update DNS to reflect the current address to name mapping (Dynamic DNS) Dynamic Address Binding – Allows a user to maintain a universal identifier (e.g., SIP URI) regardless of its point of attachment to the network Location Management – Should be accurate, up-to-date – Should only be disclosed to authorized users and relevant users GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

13. Mobility Optimization Use of cross layer triggers to expedite handoff operations – Layer 2 assisted fast-handoff Policy-based mobility management – Use the optimized protocol suitable for a specific application SIP for real-time, MIP for Non-real-time Pre-authentication, Pre-configuration to reduce the handoff time Parallelize among handoff functions – Layer 3 discovery while doing layer 2 discovery Proactive Discovery of Networks – IEEE 802.21 GSIFI #5 IOT5-20110014

14. Next Steps Deployment case studies with mobility protocols (e.g., Network layer, application layer) Best Current Practices for mobility optimization Familiarize with other SDOs (e.g., IETF). 14 IOT5-20110014

15. Mobility Event Network discovery & selection Network attachment ConfigurationSecurity association Binding update Media reroute Channel discover y L2 association Router solicitation Domain Advertisement Identifier acquisition Duplicate Address Detection Address Resolution Authentication (L2 and L3) Key derivation Identifier update Identifier mapping Binding cache Tunneling Buffering Forwarding Bi-casting/ Multicasting Server discovery Identifier Verification Subnet discovery P1 P2P3 P4P5 P6 P11 P13 P12 P21 P22 P23 P31 P32 P33 P41 P42 P51 P52 P53 P54 P61 P62 P63 P64 System decomposition of mobility event 15 IOT5-20110014

16. Use Case: Cross layer and multiple interfaces Ne tw or k Ty pe S SI D/ C ell ID B S SI D Op er at or Se cu rit y NWNW C ha nn el QoSQoS Ph ysi cal La yer Dat a Rat e GS M 13 98 9 N/ A AT &T NA 19001900 N/AN/A N/A9.6 kbps 80 2.1 6d NANA NANA T- Mo bile PK M EAP- PEA P1 YesYes OF DM 40 Mbp s Wakeup WLAN Download over WLAN Shutdown GPS Café Airport Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 9 Wi-Fi Wi-MAX WLAN Link Going Down. Switch to WiMAX Download over WiMAX Shutdown WLAN Wakeup GPS Zone 8 Wi-Fi Connect to WLAN Battery level low Shutdown WiMAX Download over GSM/GPRS Wakeup WLAN Wi-MAX Shutdown GPS Start Download over WLAN Network Type SSID/ Cell ID BSSIDOperatorSecurityNWChannelQoSPhysical Layer Data Rate GSM13989N/AAT&TNA 1900N/A 9.6 kbps Network Type SSID/ Cell ID BSSIDOperatorSecurityNWChannelQoSPhysical Layer Data Rate GSM13989N/AAT&TNA 1900N/A 9.6 kbps 802.11bCafé00:00:…Café.11iEAP- PEAP 6.11eOFDM11 Mbps Network Type SSID/ Cell ID BSSIDOperatorSecurityEAP Type ChannelQoSPhysical Layer Data Rate GSM13989N/AAT&TNA 1900N/A 9.6 Kbps 802.11bAirport00:00:…Airport.11iEAP- PEAP 6.11eOFDM11 Mbps Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS Radio State GSM WLAN WiMAX GPS IEEE 802.21 and MP Enabled Seamless Mobility Deployment Scenario Courtesy: IEEE 802.21 chair

17. Personal Mobility: Registration IP-based Network CH Subnet 1 Subnet 2 registrar IP-based Network CH Subnet 1 Subnet 2 registrar When lady in red moves, she –leaves her laptop behind –Uses another machine –Logs in User registration performed person@subnet1.org person@subnet2.org IOT5-20110014

18. Personal Mobility: simultaneous registration of multiple bindings IP-based Network CH Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Registrar & proxy IP-based Network CH Subnet 1 Subnet 2 When lady in red moves, she –leaves her laptop behind –Uses another machine She can still be located person@subnet1.org person@subnet2.org Registrar & proxy person@subnet1.org person@subnet2.org IOT5-20110014

19. Session Mobility IP-based Network CH Subnet 1 MH Subnet 2 IP-based Network CH Subnet 1 Subnet 2 INVITE 2 BYE 3 REFER 1 IOT5-20110014

20. Service Mobility Service Mobility allows a roaming user to get the same view of the network as when he is at home At the time of registration – Users service profile is retrieved from the home network – The service profile is shared with the responsible entity at home and in the foreign network (wholly or partially) The foreign network provides some of the service required The home network still retains responsibility for other services Examples of entries in the profile of interest may be address book, call handling features, buddy lists, etc. IOT5-20110014