Weather, Climate and Meteorology

Weather, Climate and Meteorology
By: Student Name First things first. Enter your name on this slide, then rename it in your network drive as: (Your Initials) weather – Example: “AJ Weather”. Weather, Climate and Meteorology

A few good things to know before you continue
Q. Why does pasting information into the table cause it to resize and look terrible? Q. How do I follow the hyperlinks in the slideshow? Don’t cut and paste into the table, especially into the weather summary box. The formatting of the original text can cause problems. You should enter the information by hand. A. Right click on the link and select “Open Hyperlink” – the link will open in a new Internet Explorer window. Did you save this file to your network drive? Before You Begin – Q & A

Getting Started – “What Do We Do?”
There are two main tasks each day: 1) Entering weather information for the day. The weather data comes from… - The school weather station, your observations, and N.B. highway cameras 2) Completing an additional learning activity. - Your responses are entered directly into this slideshow in most cases. See also the worksheets. - If you complete the activity for a specific day, you can move on to the next activity. Use the Links in the “Look Into It” section on the bottom right hand corner to answer the questions. SAMPLE: Look Into It! Encyclopedia.com CBC Forces of Nature Jetstream Weather School Meteorological Service of Canada

Objectives: Activity #1 –
Activity 1: Weather Data Objectives: Activity #1 – Introduction to Weather, Climate & Meteorology Objectives… Learn how to collect information from the Weather Station Console Develop an understanding of the topic “weather” Practice entering information into the slideshow Learn key weather terms FIRST THING: On the BBT site, find the link to the: School Weather Station Traffic Cams Folklore: Halos around the moon and sun dogs (halo around the sun) are both rainbows. Rainbows in the morning, to the west, indicates approaching rain, while a rainbow at sunset indicates that the rain is leaving and fair weather is on the way.

Use the closest Traffic Cam (see the link)
Observation#1 Day Date --am --pm --ºC --mm Use the closest Traffic Cam (see the link) --% --Km/h --hPa --- --ºC --ºC Enter this on Day 2 Enter this on Day 2 --- Day 1: Use the school weather station link to fill in the data above. Use the closest Traffic Cam to your school to insert a picture of current local conditions. In the space below, fill in the weather predictions for tomorrow on Grand Manan. (Use the weather link) Temperature Range: -- oC Forecasted Wind: -- Km/h Upcoming Conditions: -- Marine Forecasted Wind: -- Knots Probability of Precipitation: -- % Beaufort Description: -- Weather Summary – Day 1

Weather Summary – Sample
Observation#0 Monday Nov. 14, 2011 7:41 am 4:44 pm 4.5 ºC 0.3 mm SAMPLE Does your page look like this? 91 % 11.3 Km/h hPa SW 2.1ºC 3.2 ºC Nimbostratus Overcast Increasing clouds and warmer. Precipitation possible within 24 to 48 hours. Temperature Range: oC Forecasted Wind: 50 Km/h Upcoming Conditions: Partly Cloudy Marine Forecasted Wind: 20 Knots Probability of Precipitation: 10 % Beaufort Description: Fresh Breeze Weather Summary – Sample

Activity #1 – Introduction to Weather, Climate & Meteorology
Directions: Explore the links at the bottom of the page to find the answers to the questions. To enter your answer click after the question and start typing. Don’t just cut and paste… use your own words. The red stars () indicate sites which may be particularly useful for today’s activities. Part 1.1 – What is Weather? (2) Answer: Part 1.2 – What is the difference between Climate and Weather? (3) Answer: Part 1.3 – What is Meteorology? (2) Answer: Look Into It! Encyclopedia.com CBC Forces of Nature Jetstream Weather School Meteorological Service of Canada

Directions: Explore the links at the bottom of the page to find the answers to the questions.. Part 1.4 – Marine weather forecasts are issued to mariners because wind and weather conditions are different at sea, than on the land. Wind is measured in KNOTS and it is categorized on the Beaufort Scale. Fill in the blanks to complete the chart using the link to the Beaufort Scale. Beaufort Scale # Wind Speed (Knots) Description Effect Observed 2 22-27 kts Gale Very high waves with overhanging crest; sea takes white appearance 64 & over Look Into It!  The Beaufort Scale

Directions: Explore the links at the bottom of the page to find the answers to the questions.. Part 1.5 – Converting from Kilometers, to Miles Per Hour, to Knots: Many people understand one measure of speed better than another. We should have an idea of how to compare each unit of measure. Fill in the missing conversion. Miles Per Hour (mph) Kilometers per hour (km/hr) Knots 1 60 25 20 100 12  Speed Conversion Unit Converter Look Into It!

Activity 2: Clouds FIRST THING:
Objectives… Learn about different types of clouds Develop ability to identify cloud types Understand how clouds are named Make connections between cloud cover and weather conditions Understand terms related to clouds FIRST THING: Get the “Clouds Worksheet” – either ask your teacher or get it from the link on the site Folklore: Knots get tighter before a rain. Ropes shorten before a rain

Types of Clouds Consult this page later, when you are trying to classify the clouds in the sky

Marine Forecasted Wind:
Observation#2 Day Date --am --pm --ºC --mm --% --Km/h --hPa --- --ºC --ºC --- --- --- Day 2: Use the school weather station link to fill in the data above. Use the closest Traffic Cam to your school to insert a picture of current local conditions. In the space below, fill in the weather predictions for tomorrow on Grand Manan. (Use the weather link)) Temperature Range: -- oC Forecasted Wind: -- Km/h Upcoming Conditions: -- Marine Forecasted Wind: -- Knots Probability of Precipitation: -- % Beaufort Description: -- Weather Summary – Day 2

Activity #2 - Clouds Look Into It!
Cloud Cover Summary Portion of Sky Obscured Cloud Cover Description Unable to tell Obscured No Clouds None Less than 10% Low 10% - 25% Isolated 25% - 50% Scattered 50% - 90% Broken 90%+ Overcast Each day you will Compare the clouds in the sky above your school to the Website, or the Photo on slide 11. The following activities will help you in your interpretation of both Cloud Type and Cloud Cover. Part 2.1 – If you are still wondering what to do, go to Video1 and Video 2 watch the “Types of Clouds” video. Part 2.2 – Review the cloud types by clicking on each link and then try to match the cloud to the name. Part 2.3 – Get a Clouds Worksheet from the BBT site. Sketch the clouds and complete the sheet. The Weather Doctor link below will be very useful. Look Into It!  Jetstream Weather School  Globe Atmosphere Chapter Weather Doctor’s Cloud Atlas Meteorological Service of Canada Part 2.4 – Take a tour of the Globe Cloud Types and then try the cloud quiz. Show your mark to your teacher.

Activity #2 - Clouds Look Into It!
Cloud Cover Summary Portion of Sky Obscured Cloud Cover Description Unable to tell Obscured No Clouds None Less than 10% Low 10% - 25% Isolated 25% - 50% Scattered 50% - 90% Broken 90%+ Overcast Part 2.5 – Now that you know more about cloud types and cloud cover, go back to your picture for both Day 1 and Day 2. Fill in the Cloud Type and Cloud Cover sections. You can look at the wall poster or the Globe resources if you need to review. Part 2.6 – How do clouds form?. Answer: Look Into It!  Jetstream Weather School Globe Atmosphere Chapter  Weather Doctor’s Cloud Atlas Meteorological Service of Canada

Activity #2 - Clouds Instructions: Answer using the diagram on the next page. Part 2.7 – What are the three main types of clouds? Answer: Part 2.8 – Define Alto, Stratus, and Nimbus Answer: Part 2.9 – What type of clouds are aircraft trails similar to? Answer:

Activity #2 - Clouds Source: Usborne Weather & Climate

Activity #2 - Clouds Summary
Part 2.95 – List 10 things that you learned about clouds: Answer:

Activity 3: Atmosphere Activity #3 – The Atmosphere Objectives…
Determine the composition of the Atmosphere Find out ‘where’ in the atmosphere weather occurs Examine the role of the sun in weather Understand key terms related to weather Key Terms… Atmosphere / Energy Balance / Albedo / Average Surface Temperature / Troposphere / Stratosphere / Sun Folklore: Smoke rising straight into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging low means rain is on the way. With the high pressure approaching and the air becoming denser, smoke will rise whereas with low pressure it can’t rise and tends to lay low.

Observation#3 Day Date --am --pm --ºC --mm --% --Km/h --hPa --- --ºC --ºC --- --- --- Day 3: Use the school weather station link to fill in the data above. Use the closest Traffic Cam to your school to insert a picture of current local conditions. In the space below, fill in the weather predictions for tomorrow on Grand Manan. (Use the weather link)) Temperature Range: -- oC Forecasted Wind: -- Km/h Upcoming Conditions: -- Marine Forecasted Wind: -- Knots Probability of Precipitation: -- % Beaufort Description: -- Weather Summary – Day 3 Weather Summary – Day 2

Activity #3 – The Atmosphere
Directions – Use the Jetstream site1 Jetstream 2 and What is Weather site to answer. Part 3.1 – What are the main elements which make up the atmosphere? (3) Answer: Part 3.2 – Why is the Atmosphere considered to be our “protective bubble”? (1) Answer: Part 3.3 – Clouds can slow the rate at which the Earth loses heat. How does this happen? (3) Answer: Part 3.4 – What causes wind? The video has a great explanation. (3) Answer: Part 3.5 – “The Earth gives off as much energy as it takes in from the sun.” What evidence is there that this statement is true? (Hint… the answer is on this page… think about it. (3) Answer: Part 3.6 – Don’t forget, Jetstream has an Atmosphere Quiz. Look Into It! / What is Weather/ Jetstream /

Activity #3 – The Atmosphere
Directions – Use the internet to define these weather monitoring terms. Part 3.6 – Weather Terms 1. Anemometer - 2. Barometer – 3. Doppler Radar - 4. Radiosondes - 5. Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometer 6. Wind Vane

Activity 4: Temperature, Pressure, Humidity
Activity #4 – Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Objectives… Examine the effects of extreme high and low temperatures Determine the role of temperature in weather prediction Explore the importance of air pressure in weather prediction Key Terms… Atmospheric Pressure / Humidex / Windchill / Humidity / Temperature Folklore: Smoke rising straight into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging low means rain is on the way. With the high pressure approaching and the air becoming denser, smoke will rise whereas with low pressure it can’t rise and tends to lay low.

Activity #4 – Temperature, Pressure and Humidity
In addition to complaining about rain and snow, people often describe the weather as “too hot,” “too cold,” or “too humid.” The combination of temperature and humidity, along with wind conditions and other factors can have a big influence on how we perceive the weather. Part 4.1 – What is temperature? What does it measure? (3) Answer: Part 4.2 – What role does atmospheric pressure play in determining the weather? What kind of weather is generally predicted when “the barometer is falling”? (3) Answer: Part 4.3 – Why is the combination of high heat and humidity particularly dangerous to a person’s health? What precautions should people take in such conditions? (3) Answer: Encarta Online  MSC - Humidity  Encyclopedia.com  MSC – Windchill Program Jetstream Weather School Look Into It!

Part 4.4 – How does wind chill effect non-living things? (3) Answer: Part 4.5 – Why parallel sunrays warm the earth at different rates at the equator than at the poles. (use the illustration on the next slide to help you answer) Answer: Encarta Online  MSC - Humidity  Encyclopedia.com  MSC – Windchill Program Jetstream Weather School Look Into It! Part 4.6 – Don’t forget, Jetstream has an Atmosphere Quiz. Note though that not all the questions are about this topic.

Source: Usborne Weather & Climate

Did you know that you are spinning? The Coriolis Effect states that winds do not take the most direct route to where they are going because the spinning of the earth cause the winds to deflect sideways somewhat. Part 4.7 – How fast are we spinning in New Brunswick (based on the world globe above)? We are at about 460 latitude. Answer: Part 4.8 – How does the Coriolis Effect change the direction of wind. Answer:

Activity 5: Precipitation
Objectives… Examine the role of precipitation in the Water Cycle Determine annual rainfall worldwide Understand how Probability of Precipitation is calculated and used in weather forecasting Key Terms… Probability of Precipitation / Rain / Hail / Sleet / Snow / Freezing Rain / Water Cycle Folklore: A foggy morning with dew showing spider webs in the grass indicates the weather will clear and it will be a nice, clear day.

Activity #5 - Precipitation
Hail, rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow are all ways that accumulated moisture can fall to the ground. Knowing what precipitation is, how it forms, and how each type is different is an important part of understanding the weather. Part 5.1 – What causes precipitation? What conditions are necessary for precipitation to occur? (3) Answer: Part 5.2 – How is precipitation an important part of the Water Cycle? Is precipitation necessary for the survival of life on earth? In other words, do we need rain (and snow…) to live? (3) Answer: Part 5.3 – Typical weather forecasts will give a probability of precipitation (pop or POP). What does this number indicate? How is it expressed? Give an example. (3) Answer: Part 5.4 – How much precipitation falls to the earth in a typical year? Hint: Look first on the BBC site. (1) Wikipedia WeatherWorld  BBC Weather Wise Jetstream Weather School  MSC Interpreting Forecasts Look Into It! Answer:

Activity 6: Front & Weather Systems
Activity #6 – Fronts and Weather Systems Objectives… Examine the role of Fronts and Pressure Systems in patterns of weather. Interpret a weather diagram Understand how air masses move and interact. Key Terms… Front / Jetstream / High Pressure System / Low Pressure System / Air Mass Folklore: Mare’s tails and mackerel scales make tall ships carry low sails Mare’s tails are actually cirrus clouds. They are high in the atmosphere and are pulled into long streamers resembling the tail of a mare. The mackerel scales are altocumulus clouds. If a sailor noticed these, he knew that within 12 to 36 hours, the weather would be way too rough to be out on the open water.

Activity #6 – Fronts and Weather Systems
Many of the weather patterns we experience are brought on by large masses of air called fronts. As these winds circulate, they bring and create patterns of weather. By understanding fronts and other weather systems, such as jet streams, we can better predict and understand weather. Part 6.1 – Check out the North American Weather Systems from Environment Canada and copy the map of North America onto this page (replace the sample image). (3) Part 6.2 – What is the Jetstream? How does it impact on weather systems? (3) Answer: Look Into It! Wikipedia / Encarta Online /  WeatherWorld2010 / Jetstream / MSC

Activity #6 – Fronts and Weather Systems
Many of the weather patterns we experience are brought on by large masses of air called fronts. As these winds circulate, they bring and create patterns of weather. By understanding fronts and other weather systems, such as jet streams, we can better predict and understand weather. Part 6.3 – In general, what kinds of weather are typically associated with the following types of weather fronts? Your answer will be worded simply. Check online forecasts for examples. (3) Cold Front: Warm Front: Stationary Front: Part 6.4 – Based on the weather map you inserted in Activity 6.1, what effect do you think the Jet Stream is having on our weather right now? Answer: Look Into It! Wikipedia / Encarta Online /  WeatherWorld2010 / Jetstream / MSC

Red sky at morning, sailors take warning
Activity 7: UV Index Activity #7 – UV Index Objectives… Learn about the UV Index Find out about ways to stay safe in the sun Interpret UV readings and make observations Key Terms… UV Index / Minutes to Burn Folklore: In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, "When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red" when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is: Red sky at night, sailors delight Red sky at morning, sailors take warning

Activity #7 – UV Index Look Into It!
Part 7.1 – Briefly define/explain the following terms and phrases. (3) UV Index: Time to burn: Part 7.2 – What factors determine the UV Index? What do the numbers indicate? (3) Answer: Part 7.3 – Why is the UV Index important? What does it tell us? How should it impact on our activities? (3) Answer: Part 7.4 – Try some of these games to test your knowledge. Have Fun. Look Into It! Environment Canada / UV Index NOAA Weather

Activity #7 – UV Index Look Into It!
Most people believe that melanoma (one type of skin cancer) is caused by the sun. That is why have a UV index. The next questions relate to melanoma Part 7.5 – How serious is melanoma? Answer: Part 7.6 – What does melanoma look like when it starts out? Answer: Part 7.7 – What are 5 things that increase your risk of getting melanoma. Answer: Look Into It! Pub Med Health

Activity 8: Extreme Weather
Objectives… Examine different levels of threat posed by weather conditions Find out how to determine if your area is at risk for extreme weather Explore some different types of extreme weather and their implications Key Terms… Weather Watch / Weather Advisory / Hurricane / Blizzard / Tornado / Flood Folklore: A ring around the moon brings rain or snow. Cirrus and Cirrostratus clouds typically proceed low pressure systems bearing moisture. These clouds also contain ice crystals that refract the light giving the impression of a ring. By counting the number of stars contained within the ring, you can fairly accurately predict how far away the rain or snow will be. Each star represents approximately 24 hours of time. A faint star is 12. This never seems to fail.

Activity #8 – Extreme Weather
Part 8.1 – When the need arises, Weather Warnings are issued to warn Canadians about severe weather conditions. Look for a weather warning or watch and describe it here. (3) Answer: Weather Warning Categories Red Warning Yellow Watch Green Ended Warning or Watch Cream No Warning or Watch White No forecast Service Part 8.2 – What is the difference between a Warning and Watch? (3) Answer: Part 8.3 – Visit the NASA to learn about hurricanes. Then, explain what hurricanes are and how they form. Remember to use your own wording. (3) Answer: Part 8.4 – Read about the Natural Hazards of Canada. Which do you think is the most likely to impact your community? Why? (2) Answer: Look Into It! CBC Forces of Nature 

It’s important to check the weather so we can be prepared for the extreme conditions on land, and at sea, that we can encounter in our area. Part 8.5 – In the Environment Canada site, record the weather prediction for tomorrow: Answer: Part 8.6 – Find the forecast for winds under the Marine Weather link will find that they are likely different than they regular land forecast – Remember, the sea heats the air differently than the land)! Answer: Part 8.7 – Find the actual wind as shown on the weathers between New Brunswick and the State of Maine (Buoy #44027 off Jonesport, Maine). Answer: Look Into It! Environment Canada / Maine Weather Buoys

Part 8.8 – Coastal Fog is the result of wind blowing onshore. The wind originated over warm land then blows over cooler water. The warm air is cooled below its dew point, forming fog. Read “Coastal Fog”, and determine why fog sometimes stays just offshore just like there was a wall protecting the land from fog. Answer: Look Into It! Environment Canada / Maine Weather Buoys

Part 8.9 – Replace the sample satellite photo with the current one from the Environment Canada site. Look Into It! Environment Canada / Maine Weather Buoys

Activity 9: Weather Emergencies
Activity #9 – Preparing for Weather Emergencies Objectives… Find out how governments keep people informed with Weather Radio Evaluate different options for surviving during a winter power outage Key Terms… Weather Radio / Precaution / Emergency Survival Kit Folklore: Birds on a telephone wire indicate the coming of rain.

Activity #9 – Preparing for Weather Emergencies
Part 9.1 – Weather Radio is one way Canadians can stay informed about weather emergencies. Check out the Weather Radio site and answer these questions. (If this site is unavailable try another.) A) What is the purpose of Weather Radio? (2) Answer: B) Click “Network” and find the nearest Weather Radio transmitter located? (1) Answer: C) What is its frequency? (1) Answer: Part 9.2 – Winter power failures are not uncommon during New Brunswick winters. What are five key steps you can take to keep you and your family safe and comfortable during an outage? (5) #1: #2: #3: #4: #5:

Activity #9 – Preparing for Weather Emergencies
Part 9.3 – Prepare your emergency survival kit. Decide what items you would need to put in it to cope with emergencies year round. Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness can help. (6) Year Round Items: Items especially for Winter: Items especially for Summer:

Activity 10: Careers in Weather
Objectives… Explore a variety of careers in weather and meteorology Examine additional related careers; people who work with meteorologists Determine what courses are needed to pursue post secondary studies of weather Identify and locate weather schools in Atlantic Canada Folklore: A clear, white moon tells you that the next day will be nice.

Activity #10 – Careers in Weather
Directions: Use the internet and/or other resources (e.g. Choices) to research these questions. Part 10.1 – Check out the careers in meteorology section at the Weather Channel to learn about the many different jobs that are involved with the weather. Part 10.2 – What qualifications would a person need to be a “TV weather person”? What kind of education, training or special skills would they need? (3) Answer: Part 10.3 – Where in Canada could you study to become a meteorologist? List three universities with a meteorological program. Be sure to name the province in which they are located. (3) Answer: 1) 2) 3) Look Into It! Encyclopedia.com  Jetstream Weather School University Programs

Activity #10 – Careers in Weather
Directions: Use the internet to research these questions. Part 10.4 – Given what you have learned, which area of meteorology and weather studies do you find most interesting? Why? (3) Answer: Part 10.5 – What program or courses should a high school student take in order to become a meteorologist? (2) Answer: Look Into It! Encyclopedia.com  Jetstream Weather School University Programs

10 Day Summary of Weather Conditions
Directions: Complete these graphs by entering in your recorded values for each of the ten days. To begin entering your information double-click on a table (DO NOT CONVERT). A form will appear for you to enter your values. If the table doesn’t appear with this method, right click on a blank area near (but not on) the table and select Datasheet. (3)

Activity #11 – Weather Folklore
Directions: Use the internet links below and information from this module to complete the tasks Part 11.1 Create a Folklore book using MS Word. Find a picture from the internet that you can match to each Folklore Saying. Hint: Use a textbook for the Folklore. Adjust the “Wrapping” so the picture can be moved around easily. Ask the teacher how to do this. Part 11.2 – Use the link on this slide to find 6 other pieces of weather folklore . Answer: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Wizkids  Weather Folklore Look Into It!

Review As part of your assessment, each of you will have to complete this diagram with the correct cloud type. See the Handout! Source:

Optional Enrichment Activity: Climate Change
Directions: Use the internet to answer each question What causes Global Warming, what will it do to our planet, and what do we need to do to solve the problem? Answer: 2. How do we cause Acid Rain and what does it kill? Answer: 3. Rising Sea Levels will be a problem for millions of people who live along the coast (their houses will be under water). Will melting ice in the Arctic and Antarctic cause see levels to rise? Explain! Answer:

You’ve reached the end of the Weather, Climate and Meteorology Module.
Congratulations You’ve reached the end of the Weather, Climate and Meteorology Module. You now need to send this slideshow to your teacher for marking. Ask if you need help. Keep watching the sky! Congratulations

Weather, Climate and Meteorology

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